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Dietary phytochemicals in colorectal cancer prevention and treatment: A focus on the molecular mechanisms involved.
Biotechnology Advances ( IF 12.1 ) Pub Date : 2018-11-23 , DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.11.011
Sadia Afrin 1 , Francesca Giampieri 2 , Massimiliano Gasparrini 3 , Tamara Y Forbes-Hernández 4 , Danila Cianciosi 1 , Patricia Reboredo-Rodriguez 4 , Jiaojiao Zhang 1 , Piera Pia Manna 1 , Maria Daglia 5 , Atanas Georgiev Atanasov 6 , Maurizio Battino 2
Affiliation  

Worldwide, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major cancer type and leading cause of death. Unfortunately, current medical treatments are not sufficient due to lack of effective therapy, adverse side effects, chemoresistance and disease recurrence. In recent decades, epidemiologic observations have highlighted the association between the ingestion of several phytochemical-enriched foods and nutrients and the lower risk of CRC. According to preclinical studies, dietary phytochemicals exert chemopreventive effects on CRC by regulating different markers and signaling pathways; additionally, the gut microbiota plays a role as vital effector in CRC onset and progression, therefore, any dietary alterations in it may affect CRC occurrence. A high number of studies have displayed a key role of growth factors and their signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of CRC. Indeed, the efficiency of dietary phytochemicals to modulate carcinogenic processes through the alteration of different molecular targets, such as Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MAPK (p38, JNK and Erk1/2), EGFR/Kras/Braf, TGF-β/Smad2/3, STAT1-STAT3, NF-кB, Nrf2 and cyclin-CDK complexes, has been proven, whereby many of these targets also represent the backbone of modern drug discovery programs. Furthermore, epigenetic analysis showed modified or reversed aberrant epigenetic changes exerted by dietary phytochemicals that led to possible CRC prevention or treatment. Therefore, our aim is to discuss the effects of some common dietary phytochemicals that might be useful in CRC as preventive or therapeutic agents. This review will provide new guidance for research, in order to identify the most studied phytochemicals, their occurrence in foods and to evaluate the therapeutic potential of dietary phytochemicals for the prevention or treatment of CRC by targeting several genes and signaling pathways, as well as epigenetic modifications. In addition, the results obtained by recent investigations aimed at improving the production of these phytochemicals in genetically modified plants have been reported. Overall, clinical data on phytochemicals against CRC are still not sufficient and therefore the preventive impacts of dietary phytochemicals on CRC development deserve further research so as to provide additional insights for human prospective studies.



中文翻译:

膳食植物化学物质在大肠癌预防和治疗中的作用:关注所涉及的分子机制。

在世界范围内,结直肠癌(CRC)仍然是主要的癌症类型和主要的死亡原因。不幸的是,由于缺乏有效的治疗,不良的副作用,化学抗药性和疾病复发,目前的药物治疗还不够。在最近的几十年中,流行病学观察强调了摄入一些富含植物化学物质的食物和营养与降低CRC风险之间的关系。根据临床前研究,饮食中的植物化学物质通过调节不同的标志物和信号传导途径对CRC发挥化学预防作用。此外,肠道菌群在CRC的发生和发展中起着至关重要的作用,因此,饮食中的任何饮食变化都可能影响CRC的发生。大量研究表明,生长因子及其信号传导途径在CRC发病机理中起着关键作用。实际上,膳食植物化学物质通过改变不同的分子靶标(例如Wnt /β-catenin,PI3K / Akt / mTOR,MAPK(p38,JNK和Erk1 / 2),EGFR / Kras / Braf, TGF-β/ Smad2 / 3,STAT1-STAT3,NF-кB,Nrf2和细胞周期蛋白CDK复合物已被证明,其中许多靶标也代表了现代药物发现计划的骨干。此外,表观遗传学分析表明,饮食植物化学物质引起的表观遗传学变化发生改变或逆转,从而可能导致CRC的预防或治疗。因此,我们的目的是讨论一些常见的饮食植物化学物质的作用,这些化学物质可能在CRC中用作预防剂或治疗剂。这篇综述将为研究提供新的指导,以便确定研究最深入的植物化学物质,其在食品中的存在,并通过针对几种基因和信号传导途径以及表观遗传学来评估饮食植物化学物质预防或治疗CRC的治疗潜力。修改。另外,已经报道了通过最近的研究获得的旨在改善转基因植物中这些植物化学物质的产量的结果。总体而言,有关抗CRC的植物化学物质的临床数据仍然不够,因此饮食中的植物化学物质对CRC的预防作用值得进一步研究,以便为人类前瞻性研究提供更多见解。它们在食品中的存在,并通过靶向几种基因和信号传导途径以及表观遗传修饰来评估膳食植物化学物质预防或治疗CRC的治疗潜力。另外,已经报道了通过最近的研究获得的旨在改善转基因植物中这些植物化学物质的产量的结果。总体而言,有关抗CRC的植物化学物质的临床数据仍然不够,因此饮食中的植物化学物质对CRC的预防作用值得进一步研究,以便为人类前瞻性研究提供更多见解。它们在食品中的存在,并通过靶向几种基因和信号传导途径以及表观遗传修饰来评估膳食植物化学物质预防或治疗CRC的治疗潜力。另外,已经报道了通过最近的研究获得的旨在改善转基因植物中这些植物化学物质的产量的结果。总体而言,有关抗CRC的植物化学物质的临床数据仍然不够,因此饮食中的植物化学物质对CRC的预防作用值得进一步研究,以便为人类前瞻性研究提供更多见解。据报道,最近的研究旨在改善转基因植物中这些植物化学物质的产量。总体而言,有关抗CRC的植物化学物质的临床数据仍然不够,因此饮食中的植物化学物质对CRC的预防作用值得进一步研究,以便为人类前瞻性研究提供更多见解。据报道,最近的研究旨在改善转基因植物中这些植物化学物质的产量。总体而言,有关抗CRC的植物化学物质的临床数据仍然不够,因此饮食中的植物化学物质对CRC的预防作用值得进一步研究,以便为人类前瞻性研究提供更多见解。

更新日期:2018-11-23
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