Relational values associated with meaningful and just human–environment relationships (e.g. care and responsibility) have been proposed as motivating ‘upstream’ participation in Payments for Watershed Services (PWS). However, the way relational values are affected by and interact with PWS remains poorly understood. We reviewed 50 studies of social outcomes of PWS and found that approximately half assessed or discussed relational values. This included changes in relational values presented positively, such as amplifying values and norms around care for land; negatively, such as undermining traditional practices and intergenerational learning; and influencing other outcomes, such as links between land ties and human health. To improve understanding of the full suite of outcomes linked to the effectiveness, durability, and equity of PWS, we propose a research agenda based on locally-based relational value systems that include, for example, place-based conceptualizations of responsibility, care, and relation to the natural world.

已经提出了与有意义的，公正的人与环境关系（例如护理和责任）相关的关系价值，以激励“上游”参与分水岭服务付款（PWS）。但是，关系价值受PWS影响并与之交互的方式仍然知之甚少。我们回顾了50项关于PWS社会结果的研究，发现大约一半评估或讨论了关系价值。这包括积极表达的关系价值的变化，例如扩大土地保育方面的价值和规范；负面影响，例如破坏传统习俗和代际学习；并影响其他结果，例如土地联系与人类健康之间的联系。为了更好地了解与PWS的有效性，持久性和公平性相关的全套结果，