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Analysis of Medium-Chain and Long-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins: The Urgent Need for More Specific Analytical Standards
Environmental Science & Technology Letters ( IF 8.9 ) Pub Date : 2018-11-21 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.8b00537
Lena Schinkel 1, 2 , Christian Bogdal 3 , Elia Canonica 1, 4 , Ronan Cariou 5 , Davide Bleiner 1 , Kristopher McNeill 2 , Norbert V. Heeb 1
Affiliation  

Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are high-production volume chemicals and ubiquitous environmental pollutants. In particular, data about the environmental fate of medium-chain (MCCPs, C14–C17) and long-chain (LCCPs, C≥18) CPs are urgently needed. Their analysis requires elaborate analytical methods and representative analytical standards. Complex mixtures that contain CPs of different carbon chain lengths and degrees of chlorination are currently used for quantification but are impractical when chain length distributions substantially differ between samples and standards. Single-chain CP mixtures of only one carbon chain length but varying degrees of chlorination are more suitable for accurate quantification but are not available for MCCPs and LCCPs. Such standards are useful for homologue pattern deconvolution and response factor calculations. Toxicity and transformation studies on MCCPs and LCCPs are scarce. Studies would also benefit from less complex CP standards, e.g., single-chain mixtures or even constitutionally defined CPs. Currently available analytical standards are inadequate for the demanding task of quantifying MCCPs and LCCPs. Improved standards are required. This review provides an overview of the available analytical CP materials, discusses advantages and disadvantages of accurate CP analysis, and gives a recommendation for improvements. Recommendations for improved analytical standards include (A) complex CP mixtures that better resemble technical CP mixtures, (B) single-chain CP mixtures of different carbon chain lengths (C10–C30) and varying degrees of chlorination (40–70 wt % Cl), (C) constitutionally defined CPs with representative chlorination patterns, and (D) isotopically labeled CP isomers that represent a broad range of CPs.

中文翻译:

中链和长链氯化石蜡的分析:迫切需要更具体的分析标准

氯化石蜡(CPs)是高产量的化学品和普遍存在的环境污染物。特别地,大约中链(中链氯化石蜡,C的环境后果数据14 -C 17)和长链(LCCPs,C ≥18)迫切需要CP。他们的分析需要详尽的分析方法和代表性的分析标准。目前,含有不同碳链长度和氯化度的CP的复杂混合物已用于定量分析,但当样品和标准品之间的链长分布基本不同时,这是不切实际的。仅具有一个碳链长度但氯化程度不同的单链CP混合物更适合于准确定量,但不适用于MCCP和LCCP。这样的标准对于同源模式去卷积和响应因子计算是有用的。对MCCP和LCCP的毒性和转化研究很少。研究还将受益于不太复杂的CP标准,例如单链混合物或什至在结构上定义的CP。当前可用的分析标准不足以完成对MCCP和LCCP定量的艰巨任务。需要改进的标准。这篇综述概述了可用的CP分析材料,讨论了精确CP分析的优缺点,并提出了改进建议。改进分析标准的建议包括(A)更类似于工业CP混合物的复杂CP混合物,(B)不同碳链长度的单链CP混合物(C10 –C 30)和不同程度的氯化(40–70 wt%Cl),(C)具有代表性氯化模式的结构上定义的CP,以及(D)代表广泛CP的同位素标记的CP异构体。
更新日期:2018-11-24
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