Projecting measurements of the interactions of the known Standard Model (SM) states into an effective field theory (EFT) framework is an important goal of the LHC physics program. The interpretation of measurements of the properties of the Higgs-like boson in an EFT allows one to consistently study the properties of this state, while the SM is allowed to eventually break down at higher energies. In this review, basic concepts relevant to the construction of such EFTs are reviewed pedagogically. Electroweak precision data is discussed as a historical example of some importance to illustrate critical consistency issues in interpreting experimental data in EFTs. A future precision Higgs phenomenology program can benefit from the projection of raw experimental results into consistent field theories such as the SM, the SM supplemented with higher dimensional operators (the SMEFT) or an Electroweak chiral Lagrangian with a dominantly $J^P = 0^+$ scalar (the HEFT). We discuss the developing SMEFT and HEFT approaches, that are consistent versions of such EFTs, systematically improvable with higher order corrections, and comment on the pseudo-observable approach. We review the challenges that have been overcome in developing EFT methods for LHC studies, and the challenges that remain.

中文翻译：

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作为有效场论的标准模型

将已知标准模型 (SM) 状态相互作用的测量结果投影到有效场论 (EFT) 框架中是 LHC 物理计划的一个重要目标。对 EFT 中类希格斯玻色子性质的测量的解释允许人们一致地研究这种状态的性质，而 SM 最终会在更高的能量下分解。在这篇综述中，从教学上回顾了与构建此类 EFT 相关的基本概念。弱电精度数据作为一个具有一定重要性的历史例子进行了讨论，以说明在解释 EFT 中的实验数据时的关键一致性问题。未来的精确希格斯现象学计划可以受益于将原始实验结果投影到一致的场理论中，例如 SM，SM 辅以高维算子（SMEFT）或电弱手性拉格朗日算符，其中主要是 $J^P = 0^+$ 标量（HEFT）。我们讨论了正在发展的 SMEFT 和 HEFT 方法，它们是此类 EFT 的一致版本，可通过高阶校正系统地改进，并评论伪可观察方法。我们回顾了为 LHC 研究开发 EFT 方法所克服的挑战，以及仍然存在的挑战。