As yet European strains of Raphidiopsis raciborskii (previously Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii) have not been found to produce known cyanotoxins although their extracts have caused adverse effects in mammals, as shown using in vitro and in vivo experimental models. The present study investigated whether R. raciborskii isolated from Western Poland and Ukraine can affect fish cells using in vitro exposures of hepatocytes and red blood cells (RBC), and brain homogenates obtained from common carp (Cyprinus carpio) to 1.0% and 0.1% extracts of 7 strains. The studied extracts evoked different responses of catalase activity in hepatocytes with both increase and decrease observed under low and high concentrations. The cellular thiol pool was also altered with most extracts inducing a decrease in the activity of glutathione-S-transferase, and Ukrainian strains leading to an increase in glutathione level and a decrease in metallothionein content. All the studied extracts induced comparable reactive oxygen species formation, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation and DNA fragmentation in hepatocytes, and all but one increased the activity of caspase-3. Only one extract caused lysosomal membrane destabilization as measured by neutral red retention in RBC. In contrast to extracts of Ukrainian isolates, exposure of brain homogenates to extracts of Polish strains induced an increase in acetylcholinesterase activity suggesting the neurotoxic action of their exudates. The results indicate that both Polish and Ukrainian strains of R. raciborskii may pose a toxicological risk to freshwater fish, and further, that Polish strains may produce compound(s) evoking neurotoxic effects.

如体外和体内实验模型所示，尽管尚未发现欧洲的Raphidiopsis raciborskii菌株（以前称为Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii），但它们的提取物已对哺乳动物造成了不良影响，但尚未产生已知的氰毒素。本研究调查了从波兰西部和乌克兰分离的R. raciborskii是否可以通过体外暴露于肝细胞和红细胞（RBC）以及从鲤鱼（Cyprinus carpio）获得的脑匀浆来影响鱼细胞。）至7个菌株的1.0％和0.1％提取物。所研究的提取物在肝细胞中引起过氧化氢酶活性的不同反应，在低浓度和高浓度下均会出现增加和减少的现象。细胞硫醇池也发生了变化，大多数提取物导致谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶活性降低，乌克兰菌株导致谷胱甘肽水平增加和金属硫蛋白含量降低。所有研究的提取物在肝细胞中均诱导了可比的活性氧形成，脂质过氧化，蛋白羰基化和DNA断裂，除一种外，其他所有提取物均提高了caspase-3的活性。如中性红保留在RBC中所测量，只有一种提取物引起溶酶体膜失稳。与乌克兰分离物的提取物相比，将脑匀浆暴露于波兰菌株的提取物中会引起乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的增加，表明其渗出液具有神经毒性作用。结果表明波兰和乌克兰的菌株都Rciborskii可能对淡水鱼构成毒理学风险，而且波兰菌株可能产生引起神经毒性作用的化合物。