Adenosine deaminases that act on RNA (ADARs) catalyze adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing in double-stranded RNA. Such editing is important for protection against false activation of the immune system, but also confers plasticity on the transcriptome by generating several versions of a transcript from a single genomic locus. Recently, great efforts were made in developing computational methods for detecting editing events directly from RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data. These efforts have led to an improved understanding of the makeup of the editome in various genomes. Here we review recent advances in editing detection based on the data available to the researcher, with emphasis on the principles underlying the various methods and the limitations they were designed to overcome. We also discuss the available various methods for analyzing and quantifying editing levels. This review collects and organizes the available approaches for analyzing RNA editing and discuss the current status of the different A-to-I detection methods with possible directions for extending these approaches.

中文翻译：

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检测和量化 A-to-I RNA 编辑的计算方法

作用于 RNA 的腺苷脱氨酶 (ADAR) 催化双链 RNA 中的腺苷转肌苷 (A-to-I) RNA 编辑。这种编辑对于防止免疫系统的错误激活很重要，但也通过从单个基因组位点生成多个版本的转录本来赋予转录组可塑性。最近，在开发直接从 RNA 测序 (RNA-seq) 数据检测编辑事件的计算方法方面做出了巨大努力。这些努力提高了对各种基因组中编辑组构成的理解。在这里，我们回顾了基于研究人员可用数据的编辑检测的最新进展，重点介绍了各种方法的基本原理以及它们旨在克服的局限性。我们还讨论了用于分析和量化编辑级别的各种可用方法。本综述收集并整理了分析 RNA 编辑的可用方法，并讨论了不同 A-to-I 检测方法的当前状态以及扩展这些方法的可能方向。