Active ionospheric experiments using high-power, high-frequency transmitters, “heaters”, to study plasma processes in the ionosphere and magnetosphere continue to provide new insights into understanding plasma and geophysical proceses. This review describes the heating facilities, past and present, and discusses scientific results from these facilities and associated space missions. Phenomena that have been observed with these facilities are reviewed along with theoretical explanations that have been proposed or are commonly accepted. Gaps or uncertainties in understanding of heating-initiated phenomena are discussed together with proposed science questions to be addressed in the future. Suggestions for improvements and additions to existing facilities are presented including important satellite missions which are necessary to answer the outstanding questions in this field.

中文翻译：

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空间有源射频实验的过去、现在和未来

使用高功率、高频发射器、“加热器”来研究电离层和磁层中的等离子体过程的有源电离层实验继续为理解等离子体和地球物理过程提供新的见解。这篇综述描述了过去和现在的供暖设施，并讨论了这些设施和相关太空任务的科学成果。用这些设施观察到的现象与已经提出或被普遍接受的理论解释一起进行了审查。在理解加热引发的现象方面的差距或不确定性与未来要解决的拟议科学问题一起讨论。