The Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe (IMAP) is a revolutionary mission that simultaneously investigates two of the most important overarching issues in Heliophysics today: the acceleration of energetic particles and interaction of the solar wind with the local interstellar medium. While seemingly disparate, these are intimately coupled because particles accelerated in the inner heliosphere play critical roles in the outer heliospheric interaction. Selected by NASA in 2018, IMAP is planned to launch in 2024. The IMAP spacecraft is a simple sun-pointed spinner in orbit about the Sun-Earth L1 point. IMAP’s ten instruments provide a complete and synergistic set of observations to simultaneously dissect the particle injection and acceleration processes at 1 AU while remotely probing the global heliospheric interaction and its response to particle populations generated by these processes. In situ at 1 AU, IMAP provides detailed observations of solar wind electrons and ions; suprathermal, pickup, and energetic ions; and the interplanetary magnetic field. For the outer heliosphere interaction, IMAP provides advanced global observations of the remote plasma and energetic ions over a broad energy range via energetic neutral atom imaging, and precise observations of interstellar neutral atoms penetrating the heliosphere. Complementary observations of interstellar dust and the ultraviolet glow of interstellar neutrals further deepen the physical understanding from IMAP. IMAP also continuously broadcasts vital real-time space weather observations. Finally, IMAP engages the broader Heliophysics community through a variety of innovative opportunities. This paper summarizes the IMAP mission at the start of Phase A development.

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星际测绘和加速探测器 (IMAP)：美国宇航局的一项新任务

星际测绘和加速探测器 (IMAP) 是一项革命性任务，它同时研究当今太阳物理学中两个最重要的首要问题：高能粒子的加速以及太阳风与当地星际介质的相互作用。虽然看似不同，但它们密切相关，因为在内部日光层中加速的粒子在外部日光层相互作用中起着关键作用。IMAP 于 2018 年被 NASA 选中，计划于 2024 年发射。 IMAP 航天器是一个简单的太阳指向旋转器，绕日地 L1 点运行。IMAP 的十个仪器提供了一套完整且协同的观测，以同时剖析 1 AU 的粒子注入和加速过程，同时远程探测全球日光层相互作用及其对这些过程产生的粒子群的响应。IMAP 在 1 AU 的原位提供了对太阳风电子和离子的详细观测；超热离子、吸收离子和高能离子；和行星际磁场。对于外日球层相互作用，IMAP 通过高能中性原子成像提供了在广泛能量范围内对远程等离子体和高能离子的高级全局观测，以及对穿透日光层的星际中性原子的精确观测。对星际尘埃和星际中性粒子的紫外线辉光的补充观测进一步加深了对 IMAP 的物理理解。IMAP 还连续广播重要的实时空间天气观测。最后，IMAP 通过各种创新机会吸引了更广泛的太阳物理学界。本文总结了 A 阶段开发开始时的 IMAP 任务。