The prevalence and societal impact of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) continue to increase despite years of research in both patient populations and animal models. There remains an urgent need for translational efforts between clinical and preclinical research to (i) identify and evaluate putative causes of NDD, (ii) determine their underlying neurobiological mechanisms, (iii) develop and test novel therapeutic approaches, and (iv) translate basic research into safe and effective clinical practices. Given the complexity behind potential causes and behaviors affected by NDDs, modeling these uniquely human brain disorders in animals will require that we capitalize on unique advantages of a diverse array of species. While much NDD research has been conducted in more traditional animal models such as the mouse, ultimately, we may benefit from creating animal models with species that have a more sophisticated social behavior repertoire such as the rat (Rattus norvegicus) or species that more closely related to humans, such as the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta). Here, we highlight the rat and rhesus macaque models for their role in previous psychological research discoveries, current efforts to understand the neurobiology of NDDs, and focus on the convergence of behavior outcome measures that parallel features of human NDDs.

中文翻译：

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弥合神经发育障碍转化研究的物种差距。


尽管对患者群体和动物模型进行了多年的研究，但神经发育障碍（NDD）的患病率和社会影响仍在继续增加。临床和临床前研究之间仍然迫切需要转化努力，以（i）识别和评估 NDD 的假定原因，（ii）确定其潜在的神经生物学机制，（iii）开发和测试新的治疗方法，以及（iv）转化基本理论研究安全有效的临床实践。考虑到 NDD 影响的潜在原因和行为背后的复杂性，在动物中模拟这些独特的人类大脑疾病将需要我们利用多种物种的独特优势。虽然许多NDD研究都是在更传统的动物模型（例如小鼠）中进行的，但最终，我们可能会受益于使用具有更复杂的社会行为库的物种创建动物模型，例如大鼠（褐家鼠）或与它们关系更密切的物种人类，例如恒河猴（Macaca mulatta）。在这里，我们重点介绍大鼠和恒河猴模型在之前的心理学研究发现中的作用、当前理解 NDD 神经生物学的努力，并重点关注与人类 NDD 特征相似的行为结果测量的收敛。