PURPOSE We estimated the potential global economic productivity loss resulting from vision impairment (VI) and blindness as a result of uncorrected myopia and myopic macular degeneration (MMD) in 2015. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Understanding the economic burden of VI associated with myopia is critical to addressing myopia as an increasingly prevalent public health problem. METHODS We estimated the number of people with myopia and MMD corresponding to critical visual acuity thresholds. Spectacle correction coverage was analyzed against country-level variables from the year of data collection; variation in spectacle correction was described best by a model based on a human development index, with adjustments for urbanization and age. Spectacle correction and myopia data were combined to estimate the number of people with each level of VI resulting from uncorrected myopia. We then applied disability weights, labor force participation rates, employment rates, and gross domestic product per capita to estimate the potential productivity lost among individuals with each level and type of VI resulting from myopia in 2015 in United States dollars (US$). An estimate of care-associated productivity loss also was included. RESULTS People with myopia are less likely to have adequate optical correction if they are older and live in a rural area of a less developed country. The global potential productivity loss associated with the burden of VI in 2015 was estimated at US$244 billion (95% confidence interval [CI], US$49 billion-US$697 billion) from uncorrected myopia and US$6 billion (95% CI, US$2 billion-US$17 billion) from MMD. Our estimates suggest that the Southeast Asia, South Asia, and East Asia Global Burden of Disease regions bear the greatest potential burden as a proportion of their economic activity, whereas East Asia bears the greatest potential burden in absolute terms. CONCLUSIONS Even under conservative assumptions, the potential productivity loss associated with VI and blindness resulting from uncorrected myopia is substantially greater than the cost of correcting myopia.

中文翻译：

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全球近视负担造成的潜在生产力损失：系统评价，荟萃分析和建模。

目的我们估计了由于未矫正的近视和近视黄斑变性（MMD）导致的视力障碍（VI）和失明导致的潜在全球经济生产力损失。2015年临床意义了解与近视相关的VI的经济负担对于解决近视至关重要作为一个日益普遍的公共卫生问题。方法我们估算了与关键视力阈值相对应的近视和MMD患者的数量。根据数据收集年份的国家水平变量分析了矫正眼镜的覆盖率；眼镜矫正的变化最好通过基于人类发展指数的模型进行描述，并根据城市化程度和年龄进行调整。结合眼镜矫正和近视数据来估计由于未矫正的近视导致的每个VI等级的人数。然后，我们应用了残疾权重，劳动力参与率，就业率和人均国内生产总值，以美元（US）为单位，估算了近视导致的各个等级和类型的VI在个人中潜在的生产力损失（2015年）。还包括与护理相关的生产力损失的估计。结果如果近视者年龄较大且生活在欠发达国家的农村地区，他们的视力矫正的可能性就较小。2015年，与VI负担相关的全球潜在生产力损失估计为2440亿美元（95％的置信区间[CI]，来自未矫正近视的490亿美元至6,970亿美元）和来自MMD的60亿美元（95％CI，20亿美元至170亿美元）。我们的估计表明，东南亚，南亚和东亚全球疾病负担地区在其经济活动中所承受的潜在负担最大，而从绝对意义上来说，东亚所承担的潜在负担最大。结论即使在保守的假设下，由于未矫正的近视导致的与VI和失明相关的潜在生产力损失也远大于矫正近视的成本。而就绝对而言，东亚承担着最大的潜在负担。结论即使在保守的假设下，由于未矫正的近视导致的与VI和失明相关的潜在生产力损失也远大于矫正近视的成本。而就绝对而言，东亚承担着最大的潜在负担。结论即使在保守的假设下，由于未矫正的近视导致的与VI和失明相关的潜在生产力损失也远大于矫正近视的成本。