Microglia are ubiquitous, macrophage like cells within the central nervous system (CNS) that play critical roles in supporting neuronal health and viability. They can also influence neuronal membrane properties and synaptic connectivity, positioning microglia as key cellular players in both physiological and pathological contexts. Microglia have generally been assumed to be equivalent throughout the CNS, but accumulating evidence indicates that their properties vary substantially across distinct CNS regions. In comparison to our understanding of neuronal diversity and its functional importance, our knowledge about causes and consequences of microglial regional heterogeneity is extremely limited. To fully understand how microglia influence the function of specific neuronal populations and shape heightened susceptibility of some neurons to damage and disease, greater focus on microglial heterogeneity is needed.

中文翻译：

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小胶质细胞的区域特定表型：本地监管线索的作用。

小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统（CNS）中无处不在的巨噬细胞样细胞，在支持神经元健康和生存中起关键作用。它们还可以影响神经元膜的性质和突触连接性，从而在神经和生理环境中将小胶质细胞定位为关键的细胞角色。一般认为小胶质细胞在整个CNS中是等效的，但是越来越多的证据表明，小胶质细胞的性质在不同的CNS区域中存在很大差异。与我们对神经元多样性及其功能重要性的理解相比，我们对小胶质细胞区域异质性的原因和后果的了解极为有限。