Affective judgments (AJ; i.e., thoughts about the overall pleasure/displeasure, enjoyment, and feeling states expected from enacting a behavior) have been linked reliably to physical activity (PA) in observational research and feature in various theoretical frameworks. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine the current effectiveness of interventions to change AJ and subsequent PA behavior and explore potential moderators. Eligible studies were published in a peer-reviewed journal in the English language, included an experimental design in the PA domain with a measure of AJ as the dependent variable, and were conducted with an adult (>17 yrs.) sample. Literature searches concluded in July 2017 using 11common data-bases, with additional hand searching conducted in February 2018. The search yielded 32 independent studies after screening for eligibility criteria. Results using random-effects meta-analysis showed positive changes in AJ favoring intervention over control groups g = 0.43 (95% CI = 0.26–0.60). These changes predicted (β = 0.64) positive changes in PA g = 0.38 (95% CI = 0.16–0.60) among a sub-sample (k = 14) of studies that also provided behavioral data. Moderator analyses showed the effects were inflated by potential publication bias, participant gender (females had higher AJ than mixed samples), baseline PA (larger effects for inactive samples) and focus of the intervention (larger effects when AJ was the primary focus), but specific behavior change techniques were inconclusive. AJ may show change from experimental intervention and meaningful links to behavior change but larger sample studies are required to obtain a more reliable effect size estimate. Further, few studies have employed behavior change techniques that would align with the theoretical reasons for changes in AJ so our evidence for practical intervention content is limited.

中文翻译：

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关于体育活动的情感判断的实验操纵：成人的系统评价和荟萃分析

情感判断（AJ；即关于通过行为来预期的总体愉悦/不快，享受和感觉状态的想法）已与观察研究中的体育活动（PA）可靠地联系在一起，并在各种理论框架中得到了体现。这项荟萃分析的目的是研究改变AJ和随后的PA行为的干预措施的当前有效性，并探讨潜在的主持人。符合条件的研究以英语发表在同行评审的期刊上，包括在PA域中以AJ为因变量的实验设计，并以成人（> 17岁）样本进行。文献检索于2017年7月使用11个常用数据库完成，并于2018年2月进行了人工搜索。在筛选出资格标准后，该搜索产生了32项独立研究。使用随机效应荟萃分析的结果显示，AJ的积极变化优于干预组，g = 0.43（95％CI = 0.26-0.60）。这些变化预测（β= 0.64）PA g = 0.38（95％CI = 0.16-0.60）的积极变化在子样本（k = 14）的研究中也提供了行为数据。主持人分析显示，由于潜在的出版偏见，参与者性别（女性比混合样本具有更高的AJ），基线PA（非活动样本的影响更大）和干预重点（以AJ为主要焦点的影响更大），这种效应被夸大了，但是具体的行为改变技术尚无定论。AJ可能显示出从实验干预和有意义的联系到行为改变的变化，但是需要更大的样本研究才能获得更可靠的效应量估计值。此外，很少有研究采用行为改变技术来适应AJ变化的理论原因，因此我们对实际干预内容的证据是有限的。