Chemical-Looping Combustion (CLC) has emerged in recent years as a very promising combustion technology for power plants and industrial applications with inherent CO₂ capture, which circumvent the energy penalty imposed on other competing technologies. The process is based on the use of a metal oxide to transport the oxygen needed for combustion in order to prevent direct contact between the fuel and air. CLC is performed in two interconnected reactors, and the CO₂ separation inherent to the process practically eliminates the energy penalty associated with gas separation. The CLC process was initially developed for gaseous fuels, and its application was subsequently extended to solid fuels. The process has been demonstrated in units of different size, from bench scale to MW-scale pilot plants, burning natural gas, syngas, coal and biomass, and using ores and synthetic materials as oxygen-carriers.

An overview of the status of the process, starting with the fundamentals and considering the main experimental results and characteristics of process performance, is made both for gaseous and solid fuels. Process modelling of the system for solid and gaseous fuels is also analysed. The main research needs and challenges both for gaseous and solid fuel are highlighted.

近年来，化学循环燃烧（CLC）成为一种非常有希望的燃烧技术，适用于发电厂和工业应用，具有固有的CO ₂捕集能力，可避免其他竞争技术带来的能源损失。该方法基于使用金属氧化物来输送燃烧所需的氧气，以防止燃料与空气之间的直接接触。CLC在两个相互连接的反应器中进行，CO ₂该过程固有的分离实际上消除了与气体分离相关的能量损失。CLC方法最初是针对气体燃料开发的，其应用随后扩展到了固体燃料。从工作台规模到兆瓦级中试装置，燃烧天然气，合成气，煤炭和生物质，以及使用矿石和合成材料作为氧气载体，都以不同规模的单位进行了演示。

气体和固体燃料从基本原理开始，并考虑主要的实验结果和过程性能特征，对过程状态进行了概述。还分析了用于固体和气体燃料的系统的过程建模。突出了气体和固体燃料的主要研究需求和挑战。