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Independent urban effect on hypertension of older Indians: identification of a knowledge gap from a Study on Global AGEing and Health
Journal of the American Society of Hypertension Pub Date : 2018-09-19 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2018.09.004
Ambarish Dutta , Adukadukam Kambikanam Kavitha , Sudipta Samal , Pinaki Panigrahi , Shubhashisa Swain , Lipika Nanda , Sanghamitra Pati

Among older Indians, more cardiovascular diseases and risk factors are observed in the city dwellers than in the rural population. Clustering of socioeconomic privileges and consequent obesity in the Indian cities are known to underlie this phenomenon. But, it is unclear whether an independent urban effect exists on age-related ailments, unexplained by concentration of privileges and excess weight in the Indian cities. Hence, we aimed to estimate the independent urban effect on hypertension among older Indians after controlling for these factors. Nationally representative data of Indians aged 50 years and older (n = 7273) were collected by Study on global AGEing and health. Hypertension was defined as systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure >139 and > 89 mm Hg, respectively, and/or someone receiving antihypertensive medications. Permanent place of residence (urban/rural) during interview was recorded. Socioeconomic determinants included caste, occupation, assets, and education. Body mass index, abdominal circumference, smoking, alcohol, and physical activity were also controlled. The age- and sex-adjusted odds ratio of hypertension for urban residents was 1.64 (146–1.83), which partially attenuated to 1.22 (1.07–1.38) after controlling for all the covariates. This study highlights 22% excess odds of hypertension among the older Indian city dwellers, unexplained by the greater urban concentration of socioeconomic privileges and obesity. Future research should explore the constituents of this urban effect.



中文翻译:

城市对老年印度人高血压的独立影响:通过全球衰老与健康研究确定知识差距

在年长的印度人中,与农村人口相比,城市居民中观察到的心血管疾病和危险因素更多。众所周知,印度城市中社会经济特权的聚集和随之而来的肥胖是这种现象的基础。但是,尚不清楚在特权上的集中度和超重在印度城市中的存在,这无法解释城市对与年龄有关的疾病是否存在独立的影响。因此,我们的目标是在控制了这些因素之后,估计老年印度人对高血压的独立城市效应。通过全球衰老与健康研究收集了50岁及50岁以上(n = 7273)的印度人的全国代表性数据。高血压定义为收缩压和/或舒张压分别> 139和> 89 mm Hg,和/或接受降压药物治疗的人。记录面试期间的永久居住地(城市/农村)。社会经济决定因素包括种姓,职业,资产和教育程度。还控制了体重指数,腹围,吸烟,饮酒和体育锻炼。城镇居民的年龄和性别调整后的高血压比值比为1.64(146–1.83),在控制所有协变量后,部分降低至1.22(1.07–1.38)。这项研究强调了印度老年城市居民中高血压发生几率高出22%,这无法解释为城市中社会经济特权和肥胖症的集中程度更高。未来的研究应该探索这种城市效应的组成部分。腹围,吸烟,饮酒和体育锻炼也得到了控制。城镇居民的年龄和性别调整后的高血压比值比为1.64(146–1.83),在控制所有协变量后,部分降低至1.22(1.07–1.38)。这项研究强调了印度老年城市居民中高血压发生几率高出22%,这无法解释为城市中社会经济特权和肥胖症的集中程度更高。未来的研究应该探索这种城市效应的组成部分。腹围,吸烟,饮酒和体育锻炼也得到了控制。城镇居民的年龄和性别调整后的高血压比值比为1.64(146–1.83),在控制所有协变量后,部分降低至1.22(1.07–1.38)。这项研究强调了印度老年城市居民中高血压发生几率高出22%,这无法解释为城市中社会经济特权和肥胖症的集中程度更高。未来的研究应该探索这种城市效应的组成部分。这项研究强调了印度老年城市居民中高血压发生几率高出22%,这无法解释为城市中社会经济特权和肥胖症的集中程度更高。未来的研究应该探索这种城市效应的组成部分。这项研究强调了印度老年城市居民中高血压发生几率高出22%,这无法解释为城市中社会经济特权和肥胖症的集中程度更高。未来的研究应该探索这种城市效应的组成部分。

更新日期:2018-09-19
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