In developmental research, the relationship between Executive Function (EF) and Theory of Mind (ToM) has been extensively assessed, and EF has been considered a condition for ToM. However, few researchers have studied the relationship between EF and ToM in clinical populations, especially that of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention and motor hyperactivity/impulsivity, in which EF is largely impaired. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) model, 201 English and Spanish articles evaluating EF and ToM in ADHD were chosen. Fifteen papers met the inclusion criteria and were selected for further analysis. The first study dates from 2001. Most of the studies’ designs are cross-sectional, include mostly male children, have a small sample size, and were conducted in European countries. Unlike tasks assessing EF, tasks assessing ToM were heterogeneous across studies. The EFs most correlated with ToM were inhibitory control, working memory, cognitive flexibility, and attention. Interest in studying the relationship between EF and ToM in ADHD is recent,but increasing based on new findings and tuning of ToM instruments. However, while an association between EF and ToM is indicated in ADHD, the degree of prediction and predictability of one over the other cannot yet be established because of the studies’ heterogeneity.

中文翻译：

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多动症儿童的执行功能和心理理论：系统评价

在发展研究中，已经广泛评估了执行功能（EF）和心理理论（ToM）之间的关系，并且EF被认为是ToM的条件。然而，很少有研究者研究临床人群中EF与ToM之间的关系，特别是注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD），一种以注意力不集中和运动亢进/冲动症状为特征的神经发育障碍，其中EF严重受损。使用系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）模型，选择201篇评估ADHD中EF和ToM的英语和西班牙语文章。符合纳入标准的论文有15篇，并被选择进行进一步分析。第一项研究始于2001年。大多数研究的设计都是横断面的，其中大多数是男孩，样本量很小，并且是在欧洲国家/地区进行的。与评估EF的任务不同，评估ToM的任务在研究之间是异类的。与ToM最相关的EF是抑制控制，工作记忆，认知灵活性和注意力。对多动症中EF和ToM之间的关系的研究兴趣是近来的，但随着新发现和ToM仪器的调整，人们的兴趣日益浓厚。但是，尽管在ADHD中指出了EF和ToM之间的关联，但是由于研究的异质性，尚不能确定一个人的预测程度和可预测性。最近对研究ADHD中EF与ToM之间的关系的兴趣很浓，但随着新发现和对ToM仪器的调整，人们的兴趣日益浓厚。但是，尽管在ADHD中指出了EF和ToM之间的关联，但是由于研究的异质性，尚不能确定一个人的预测程度和可预测性。对多动症中EF和ToM之间的关系的研究兴趣是近来的，但随着新发现和ToM仪器的调整，人们的兴趣日益浓厚。但是，尽管在ADHD中指出了EF和ToM之间的关联，但是由于研究的异质性，尚不能确定一个人的预测程度和可预测性。