Oligomer-Specific, Short Chain Linear Alcohol Ethoxylate Quantification via Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography,Environmental Science & Technology Letters

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Oligomer-Specific, Short Chain Linear Alcohol Ethoxylate Quantification via Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography
Environmental Science & Technology Letters ( IF 8.9 ) Pub Date : 2018-08-22 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.8b00358
Brian D. Drollette _{1,

2} , Rebecca J. Brenneis _{1,

3} , Desiree L. Plata _{1,

3}

Affiliation

Non-ionic linear alcohol ethoxylated surfactants (LAEs) make up a broadly utilized class of compounds commonly employed in unconventional hydraulic fracturing activities. However, current detection and quantification methods fail to operate in relevant concentration ranges and are limited in specificity because of a lack of access to all analytical standards for individual LAE oligomers. Here, we present a novel extraction and quantification technique for aqueous samples containing both petroleum hydrocarbons and short chain LAEs with alkyl chain lengths of 6–10 carbons and 0–9 ethylene oxide groups. Using liquid–liquid extraction and two-dimensional gas chromatography with flame ionization detection, the method provided over 80 and 100% recovery of LAEs and n-alkane hydrocarbons, respectively. Individual LAE oligomers were quantified using calibration curves of n-alkanes and adjusted response factors based on the effective carbon number (ECN) concept, and we present a detailed framework for calculating ECN using primary alcohol standards and ether functional group contributions. This method was applied to a centralized waste treatment facility effluent discharging directly into a local river in Pennsylvania and indicated parts per million-level discharges of individual oligomers. This first demonstration of LAE and petroleum hydrocarbon quantification will gain utility as researchers seek to understand the environmental fate of these industrially important chemicals.

中文翻译：

通过全面的二维气相色谱法对低聚物特定的短链线性醇乙氧基化物进行定量

非离子型线性醇乙氧基化表面活性剂（LAE）构成了广泛用于非常规水力压裂活动中的一类化合物。但是，当前的检测和定量方法无法在相关的浓度范围内操作，并且由于缺乏对单个LAE低聚物的所有分析标准品的获取而在特异性上受到限制。在这里，我们提出了一种新颖的萃取和定量技术，用于同时含有烷基链长为6-10个碳和0-9个环氧乙烷基团的石油烃和短链LAE的水性样品。使用液-液萃取和带有火焰电离检测的二维气相色谱，该方法可回收80％和100％的LAE和n-烷烃。使用正构烷烃的校准曲线和基于有效碳原子数（ECN）的调整后的响应因子对单个LAE低聚物进行了定量，我们提供了使用伯醇标准品和醚官能团的贡献来计算ECN的详细框架。该方法适用于直接排入宾夕法尼亚州当地河流的集中式废物处理设施废水，并指示了每百万个低聚物的百万分之几的排放量。当研究人员试图了解这些重要的工业化学品的环境命运时，LAE和石油烃定量的第一个演示将获得实用性。

更新日期：2018-08-22

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