The human brain weighs approximately 2% of the body; however, it consumes about 20% of a person's total energy intake. Cellular bioenergetics in the central nervous system involves a delicate balance between biochemical processes engaged in energy conversion and those responsible for respiration. Neurons have high energy demands, which rely on metabolic coupling with glia, such as with oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. It has been well established that astrocytes recycle and transport glutamine to neurons to make the essential neurotransmitters, glutamate and GABA, as well as shuttle lactate to support energy synthesis in neurons. However, the metabolic role of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system is less clear. In this review, we discuss the energetic demands of oligodendrocytes in their survival and maturation, the impact of altered oligodendrocyte energetics on disease pathology, and the role of energetic metabolites, taurine, creatine, N-acetylaspartate, and biotin, in regulating oligodendrocyte function.

中文翻译：

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健康和疾病中的少突胶质细胞生物能学。

人脑约占人体重量的2％；但是，它消耗的能量约占一个人总能量的20％。中枢神经系统中的细胞生物能学涉及参与能量转换的生化过程与负责呼吸的过程之间的微妙平衡。神经元具有高能量需求，这依赖于与神经胶质，例如少突胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞的代谢耦合。公认的是，星形胶质细胞再循环并将谷氨酰胺转运至神经元，以制造必需的神经递质，谷氨酸和GABA，以及穿梭乳酸以支持神经元中的能量合成。但是，少突胶质细胞在中枢神经系统中的代谢作用尚不清楚。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了少突胶质细胞在生存和成熟中的能量需求，