Neurodegenerative diseases pose a substantial socioeconomic burden on society. Unfortunately, the aging world population and lack of effective cures foreshadow a negative outlook. Although a large amount of research has been dedicated to elucidating the pathologies of neurodegenerative diseases, their principal causes remain elusive. Metal ion dyshomeostasis, proteopathy, oxidative stress, and neurotransmitter deficiencies are pathological features shared across multiple neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, these factors are proposed to be interrelated upon disease progression. Thus, the development of multifunctional compounds capable of simultaneously interacting with several pathological components has been suggested as a solution to undertake the complex pathologies of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we outline and discuss possible therapeutic targets in Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and molecules, previously designed or discovered as potential drug candidates for these disorders with emphasis on multifunctionality. In addition, underrepresented areas of research are discussed to indicate new directions.

中文翻译：

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在过去十年中开发多功能分子作为阿尔茨海默氏病，帕金森氏病和肌萎缩性侧索硬化症的潜在治疗候选药物

神经退行性疾病给社会带来了巨大的社会经济负担。不幸的是，世界人口老龄化和缺乏有效的治疗方法预示着负面的前景。尽管已经进行了大量的研究来阐明神经退行性疾病的病理学，但其主要原因仍然难以捉摸。金属离子动态平衡，蛋白质病，氧化应激和神经递质缺乏是多种神经退行性疾病共有的病理特征。另外，建议这些因素与疾病进展相关。因此，已经提出了开发能够同时与几种病理学成分相互作用的多功能化合物作为解决神经退行性疾病的复杂病理学的解决方案。在这篇评论中，我们概述并讨论了阿尔茨海默氏病，帕金森氏病和肌萎缩性侧索硬化症和分子的可能治疗靶点，这些分子先前被设计或发现为这些疾病的潜在候选药物，并着重于多功能性。此外，对代表性不足的研究领域进行了讨论，以指出新的方向。