Abstract Strain engineering is the process of tuning a material's properties by altering its mechanical or structural attributes. Atomically thin two-dimensional nanomaterials (2DNMs), which have been extensively studied in recent years, are particularly well-suited for strain engineering because they can withstand large strain. Thermal vibration, surface adhesion, substrate deformation, pre-stretched substrate, epitaxial grown, thermal expansion mismatch, substrate topography modification, pressurized blisters and tip indentation can lead to strain in 2DNMs. Strain in 2DNMs can modify their atomic structure, lattice vibration, thermal conductivity, electronic and optical, electrical and device performance, and chemical activities. This review focuses on the structural and mechanical properties of various 2DNMs, different experimental strategies to induce strain and modify properties, and applications of strained 2DNMs. Also, the review proposes prospective research areas for future strain engineering studies in 2DNMs.

中文翻译：

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超越石墨烯的二维纳米材料的应变工程

摘要 应变工程是通过改变材料的机械或结构属性来调整材料特性的过程。近年来得到广泛研究的原子级薄二维纳米材料 (2DNM) 特别适合应变工程，因为它们可以承受大应变。热振动、表面粘附、基板变形、预拉伸基板、外延生长、热膨胀不匹配、基板形貌修改、加压气泡和尖端压痕都会导致 2DNM 中的应变。2DNM 中的应变可以改变它们的原子结构、晶格振动、热导率、电子和光学、电学和器件性能以及化学活性。本综述侧重于各种 2DNM 的结构和机械性能，诱导应变和改变特性的不同实验策略，以及应变 2DNM 的应用。此外，该综述还提出了未来 2DNM 应变工程研究的前瞻性研究领域。