The traditional concept of the genus Humicola includes species that produce pigmented, thick-walled and single-celled spores laterally or terminally on hyphae or minimally differentiated conidiophores. More than 50 species have been described in the genus. Species commonly occur in soil, indoor environments, and compost habitats. The taxonomy of Humicola and morphologically similar genera is poorly understood in modern terms. Based on a four-locus phylogeny, the morphological concept of Humicola proved to be polyphyletic. The type of Humicola, H. fuscoatra, belongs to the Chaetomiaceae. In the Chaetomiaceae, species producing humicola-like thick-walled spores are distributed among four lineages: Humicola sensu stricto, Mycothermus, Staphylotrichum, and Trichocladium. In our revised concept of Humicola, asexual and sexually reproducing species both occur. The re-defined Humicola contains 24 species (seven new and thirteen new combinations), which are described and illustrated in this study. The species in this genus produce conidia that are lateral, intercalary or terminal on/in hyphae, and conidiophores are not formed or are minimally developed (micronematous). The ascospores of sexual Humicola species are limoniform to quadrangular in face view and bilaterally flattened with one apical germ pore. Seven species are accepted in Staphylotrichum (four new species, one new combination). Thick-walled conidia of Staphylotrichum species usually arise either from hyphae (micronematous) or from apically branched, seta-like conidiophores (macronematous). The sexual morph represented by Staphylotrichum longicolleum (= Chaetomium longicolleum) produces ascomata with long necks composed of a fused basal part of the terminal hairs, and ascospores that are broad limoniform to nearly globose, bilaterally flattened, with an apical germ pore. The Trichocladium lineage has a high morphological diversity in both asexual and sexual structures. Phylogenetic analysis revealed four subclades in this lineage. However, these subclades are genetically closely related, and no distinctive phenotypic characters are linked to any of them. Fourteen species are accepted in Trichocladium, including one new species, twelve new combinations. The type species of Gilmaniella, G. humicola, belongs to the polyphyletic family Lasiosphaeriaceae (Sordariales), but G. macrospora phylogenetically belongs to Trichocladium. The thermophilic genus Mycothermus and the type species My. thermophilum are validated, and one new Mycothermus species is described. Phylogenetic analyses show that Remersonia, another thermophilic genus, is sister to Mycothermus and two species are known, including one new species. Thermomyces verrucosus produces humicola-like conidia and is transferred to Botryotrichum based on phylogenetic affinities. This study is a first attempt to establish an inclusive modern classification of Humicola and humicola-like genera of the Chaetomiaceae. More research is needed to determine the phylogenetic relationships of “humicola”-like species outside the Chaetomiaceae.

Humicola属的传统概念包括在菌丝或最低分化的分生孢子团上横向或末端产生有色，厚壁和单细胞孢子的物种。该属中已描述了50多个物种。物种通常发生在土壤，室内环境和堆肥栖息地中。用现代术语对腐质霉和形态相似属的分类学知之甚少。基于四基因组系统发育，Humicola的形态学概念被证明是多系统的。的类型的腐质霉属，H. fuscoatra，属于毛壳菌。在Chaetomiaceae，产生类似humicola状厚壁孢子的物种分布在四个谱系中：细腐质霉，Mycothermus，金黄色葡萄球菌和Trichocladium。在我们改良的腐质霉的概念中，无性繁殖和有性繁殖的物种均会发生。重新定义的腐质霉包含24种（七种新的和十三种新的组合），在本研究中对此进行了描述和说明。该属中的种产生的分生孢子在菌丝的外侧，cal间或末端在菌丝上/中，并且分生孢子没有形成或发育得很少（微线虫）。性腐质霉的子囊孢子种类从侧面看为limoniform至四边形，两侧扁平，有一个顶端的胚芽孔。金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylotrichum）接受了七个物种（四个新物种，一个新组合）。葡萄球菌属物种的厚壁分生孢子通常来自菌丝（微线虫）或根尖分枝的，刚毛状的分生孢子（宏观）。由下式表示的性变形Staphylotrichum longicolleum（=毛壳longicolleum）产生ascomata与终毛的融合基部构成的长的脖子，和子囊孢子是广泛limoniform至近球形，双边扁平，具有一顶端胚芽孔。该Trichocladium宗族在无性和性结构上都有很高的形态多样性。系统发育分析揭示了该谱系中的四个子分支。但是，这些小节在基因上密切相关，并且没有任何明显的表型特征与它们相关联。Trichocladium接受了14种，其中包括一种新种，十二种新组合。的类型物种Gilmaniella，G.腐质霉属，属多系家族Lasiosphaeriaceae（Sordariales），但G. macrospora系统发生学上属于Trichocladium。嗜热菌属Mycothermus和类型种My。嗜热菌经过验证，并描述了一种新的Mycothermus菌种。系统发育分析表明Remersonia，另一种嗜热属，是姐姐Mycothermus和两种已知的，包括一个新的物种。疣状热霉菌产生类湿疹的分生孢子，并根据系统亲和力转移到灰霉病菌中。这项研究是建立一个包容性的现代分类的第一次尝试腐质和土生样的的属毛壳菌。需要更多的研究来确定Chaetomiaceae外的“ humicola”样物种的系统发育关系。