Aflatoxins and ochratoxins are among the most important mycotoxins of all and producers of both types of mycotoxins are present in Aspergillus section Flavi, albeit never in the same species. Some of the most efficient producers of aflatoxins and ochratoxins have not been described yet. Using a polyphasic approach combining phenotype, physiology, sequence and extrolite data, we describe here eight new species in section Flavi. Phylogenetically, section Flavi is split in eight clades and the section currently contains 33 species. Two species only produce aflatoxin B₁ and B₂ (A. pseudotamarii and A. togoensis), and 14 species are able to produce aflatoxin B₁, B₂, G₁ and G₂: three newly described species A. aflatoxiformans, A. austwickii and A. cerealis in addition to A. arachidicola, A. minisclerotigenes, A. mottae, A. luteovirescens (formerly A. bombycis), A. nomius, A. novoparasiticus, A. parasiticus, A. pseudocaelatus, A. pseudonomius, A. sergii and A. transmontanensis. It is generally accepted that A. flavus is unable to produce type G aflatoxins, but here we report on Korean strains that also produce aflatoxin G₁ and G₂. One strain of A. bertholletius can produce the immediate aflatoxin precursor 3-O-methylsterigmatocystin, and one strain of Aspergillus sojae and two strains of Aspergillus alliaceus produced versicolorins. Strains of the domesticated forms of A. flavus and A. parasiticus, A. oryzae and A. sojae, respectively, lost their ability to produce aflatoxins, and from the remaining phylogenetically closely related species (belonging to the A. flavus-, A. tamarii-, A. bertholletius- and A. nomius-clades), only A. caelatus, A. subflavus and A. tamarii are unable to produce aflatoxins. With exception of A. togoensis in the A. coremiiformis-clade, all species in the phylogenetically more distant clades (A. alliaceus-, A. coremiiformis-, A. leporis- and A. avenaceus-clade) are unable to produce aflatoxins. Three out of the four species in the A. alliaceus-clade can produce the mycotoxin ochratoxin A: A. alliaceus s. str. and two new species described here as A. neoalliaceus and A. vandermerwei. Eight species produced the mycotoxin tenuazonic acid: A. bertholletius, A. caelatus, A. luteovirescens, A. nomius, A. pseudocaelatus, A. pseudonomius, A. pseudotamarii and A. tamarii while the related mycotoxin cyclopiazonic acid was produced by 13 species: A. aflatoxiformans, A. austwickii, A. bertholletius, A. cerealis, A. flavus, A. minisclerotigenes, A. mottae, A. oryzae, A. pipericola, A. pseudocaelatus, A. pseudotamarii, A. sergii and A. tamarii. Furthermore, A. hancockii produced speradine A, a compound related to cyclopiazonic acid. Selected A. aflatoxiformans, A. austwickii, A. cerealis, A. flavus, A. minisclerotigenes, A. pipericola and A. sergii strains produced small sclerotia containing the mycotoxin aflatrem. Kojic acid has been found in all species in section Flavi, except A. avenaceus and A. coremiiformis. Only six species in the section did not produce any known mycotoxins: A. aspearensis, A. coremiiformis, A. lanosus, A. leporis, A. sojae and A. subflavus. An overview of other small molecule extrolites produced in Aspergillus section Flavi is given.

黄曲霉毒素和曲霉毒素是所有霉菌中最重要的霉菌毒素，黄曲霉部分Flavi中存在两种霉菌毒素的产生者，尽管从未出现在同一物种中。尚未描述一些最有效的黄曲霉毒素和曲霉毒素生产者。使用多相办法，结合表型，生理，序列和extrolite数据，我们在这里描述的部分八个新物种黄热病。从系统发育上看，Flavi节被分为八个进化枝，该节目前包含33种。两种物种仅产生黄曲霉毒素B ₁和B ₂（A. pseudotamarii和A. togoensis），和14种能够产生黄曲霉毒素₁，B ₂，G ₁和G ₂：3个新描述的物种A. aflatoxiformans，A. austwickii和A.禾谷除了A.花生，A. minisclerotigenes，A. mottae，A。luteovirescens（以前称为A. bombycis），A。nomius，A。novoparasiticus，A。parasiticus，A。pseudocaelatus，A。pseudonomius，A。sergii和A. transmontanensis。人们普遍认为黄曲霉不能产生G型黄曲霉毒素，但在这里我们报道了同样产生黄曲霉毒素G ₁和G _2的韩国菌株。一株伯氏阿曲霉可以产生立即的黄曲霉毒素前体3-O-甲基甾体藻毒素，一株大豆曲霉和两株Alliaceus菌产生的Versicolorins。驯化形式的黄曲霉和寄生曲霉，米曲霉和大豆曲霉的菌株分别丧失了产生黄曲霉毒素的能力，并失去了其余的系统发生密切相关的物种（属于黄曲霉-，A。）。塔马里- ， - A. bertholletius -和A. nomius -clades），只有A. caelatus，A. subflavus和溜曲霉不能产生黄曲霉毒素。随着例外A. togoensis在A. coremiiformis -clade，在系统发育上更遥远的分支的所有物种（A. alliaceus - ，A. coremiiformis - ，A. leporis -和A. avenaceus -clade）不能产生黄曲霉毒素。A. alliaceus- clade中四个物种中的三个可以产生霉菌毒素曲霉毒素A：A. alliaceus s。力量。这里描述的两个新物种A. neoalliaceus和A. vandermerwei。八种产生了霉菌毒素的Tenuazonic酸：A. bertholletius，A. caelatus，A. luteovirescens，A. nomius，A. pseudocaelatus，A . pseudonomius，A . pseudotamarii和A. tamarii，而相关的霉菌毒素环吡嗪酸由13种产生：A. aflatoxiformans，A. austwickii，A. bertholletius，A. grainis，A. flavus，A. minisclerotigenes，A. mottae，A. oryzae，A. pipericola，A. pseudocaelatus，A. pseudotamarii，A. sergii和A tamarii。此外，汉氏曲霉生产了精胺素A，这是一种与环吡嗪酸有关的化合物。选定的黄曲霉菌，A。austwickii，谷物曲霉，黄曲霉，小核糖核酸菌，管道曲霉和sergii菌株产生了含有菌毒素黄曲霉菌的小菌核。曲酸已在部分所有物种被发现黄热病，除了A. avenaceus和A. coremiiformis。该部分中只有六个物种未产生任何已知的霉菌毒素：A。aspearensis，A。coremiiformis，A。lanosus，A。leporis，A。sojae和A. subflavus。的其它小分子的概述extrolites中生产曲霉部黄热病 给出。