Even within a single population, individuals can display striking differences in behavior, with consequences for their survival and fitness. In reintroduced populations, managers often attempt to promote adaptive behaviors by controlling the early life experiences of individuals, but it remains largely unknown whether this early life training has lasting effects on behavior. We investigated the behavior of reintroduced whooping cranes (Grus americana) trained to migrate using two different methods to see whether their migration behavior remained different or converged over time. We found that the behavior of the two groups converged relatively rapidly, indicating that early life training may not produce lasting effects, especially in species that display lifelong learning and behavioral adaptation. In some cases, managers may consider continual behavioral interventions after release if desired behaviors are not present. Understanding the roles early life experience and animal cultures play in determining behavior is crucial for successful reintroduction programs.

中文翻译：

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重新引入早期生活经验和动物文化的重要性

即使在一个单一的人群中，个体也会表现出惊人的行为差异，从而影响其生存和适应能力。在重新引入的人群中，管理者经常试图通过控制个人的早期生活经历来促进适应性行为，但是，这种早期生活训练是否会对行为产生持久影响，仍然是一个未知数。我们调查了再引入的百日起重机（Grus americana）经过培训，可以使用两种不同的方法进行迁移，以查看其迁移行为是否随着时间的推移而保持不同或趋同。我们发现两组的行为收敛相对较快，这表明早期的生活训练可能不会产生持久的影响，尤其是在表现出终身学习和行为适应能力的物种中。在某些情况下，如果期望的行为不存在，管理人员可能会考虑在释放后进行持续的行为干预。了解早期生活经验和动物文化在确定行为中所起的作用对于成功的重新引入计划至关重要。