Introgression of spontaneous or induced mutations has been used to increase the levels and diversify the profile of antioxidants in many fruits including tomato. The high-pigment (hp) and old-gold (og) alleles exemplify this approach as attractive genetic resources suitable to inbred elite high-lycopene (HLY) tomato lines with improved color and nutritional attributes. Although several studies have been published on HLY tomatoes, a systematic analysis of the information on their agronomic performances, processing features, and functional quality is lacking, leaving room for the assumption of their poor competitiveness with conventional tomato cultivars and limiting their agricultural diffusion. Therefore, the aim of this study is to critically review the most important agronomic, horticultural, and functional traits of HLY tomatoes, as well as the advances in some emerging (pre)industrial applications. Field experiments performed in different countries showed that most available HLY lines are productive, vigorous, with excellent foliage cover and with morphologically acceptable fruit. Tomato yield of HLY genotypes ranged from ∼30 to ∼178 t/ha exceeding, in some trials, that of highly productive cultivars. Red-ripe fruits of most HLY lines showed commercially suitable soluble solids and titratable acidity, in addition to increased levels of lycopene (up to 440 mg/kg fw) and other bioactive phytochemicals (mainly flavonoids and vitamin C) compared to their near isogenic conventional counterparts. Innovative (pre)industrial uses of HLY tomato include the following: (1) production of HLY sauces, juices, and powders; (2) supercritical-CO₂ extraction of lycopene containing oleoresins; and (3) preparation of lycopene rich micro- and nano-carriers with improved stability and specific tissue delivery. In turn, the use of these innovative high-quality ingredients in the formulation of lycopene fortified foods, cosmetic products, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals has been proposed as the basis of a novel highly profitable tomato product chain.

中文翻译：

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当颜色真正重要时：高番茄红素番茄的园艺性能和功能质量

自发突变或诱导突变的渗入已被用于增加包括番茄在内的许多水果中的抗氧化剂水平并使其多样化。在高颜料（HP）和旧金（OG）等位基因将这种方法作为吸引人的遗传资源进行了例证，这些遗传资源适合于具有改善的颜色和营养特性的近交优良高番茄红素（HLY）番茄自交系。尽管已经发表了有关HLY番茄的多项研究，但仍缺乏有关其农学性能，加工特性和功能质量的信息的系统分析，这为它们与常规番茄品种竞争性较差并限制其在农业中的普及提供了空间。因此，本研究的目的是严格审查HLY番茄最重要的农艺，园艺和功能特性，以及某些新兴的（工业化）工业应用的进展。在不同国家/地区进行的野外实验表明，大多数可用的HLY产品线都具有生产力，活力，具有出色的叶子覆盖和形态上可接受的果实。在某些试验中，HLY基因型的番茄产量在30至178 t / ha之间，超过了高产品种的产量。大多数HLY品系的红色成熟果实显示出商业上合适的可溶性固体和可滴定的酸度，此外番茄红素（高达440 mg / kg fw）和其他生物活性植物化学物质（主要是类黄酮和维生素C）的含量与近等基因常规植物相比有所增加同行。HLY番茄的创新性（工业化）工业用途包括：（1）生产HLY酱油，果汁和粉末；（2）超临界CO 大多数HLY品系的红色成熟果实显示出商业上合适的可溶性固体和可滴定的酸度，此外番茄红素（高达440 mg / kg fw）和其他生物活性植物化学物质（主要是类黄酮和维生素C）的含量与近等基因常规植物相比有所增加同行。HLY番茄的创新性（工业化）工业用途包括：（1）生产HLY酱油，果汁和粉末；（2）超临界CO 大多数HLY品系的红色成熟果实显示出商业上合适的可溶性固体和可滴定的酸度，此外番茄红素（高达440 mg / kg fw）和其他生物活性植物化学物质（主要是类黄酮和维生素C）的含量与近等基因常规植物相比有所增加同行。HLY番茄的创新性（工业化）工业用途包括：（1）生产HLY酱油，果汁和粉末；（2）超临界CO₂提取含番茄红素的含油树脂；（3）制备富含番茄红素的微载体和纳米载体，其具有改善的稳定性和特异性组织递送。反过来，已经提出在番茄红素强化食品，化妆品，营养品和药物配方中使用这些创新的高质量成分，作为新型高利润番茄产品链的基础。