The world prison population is growing at a rate that exceeds the rate of population growth. This issue of Epidemiologic Reviews comprises articles in which researchers summarize what is known about some of the key health issues facing people in prison, particularly in relation to human immunodeficiency virus and other blood-borne viral infections. A key recurring theme is that addressing the health needs of people in prison is important to reducing health inequalities at the population level—that prisoner health is public health. The reviews also highlight some critical evidence gaps, notably the lack of evidence from low- and middle-income countries, and the limited number of longitudinal studies in which health behaviors, health outcomes, or health service experiences after release from prison are documented. Despite growing evidence of the poor health of detained adolescents, none of the included reviews considered this population. Further research on the health of young people who cycle through juvenile detention should be a priority. Despite a rapidly growing literature on the health of people who experience incarceration, some critical health issues remain poorly understood, and there has been insufficient attention devoted to co-occurring health conditions and the consequent need for coordinated care. Key populations in custodial settings remain understudied, limiting capacity to develop targeted, evidence-based responses to their health needs. The quality of many studies is suboptimal, and although rigorous, independent research in correctional settings can be challenging, it is not impossible and is critical to laying the groundwork for evidence-based reform.

中文翻译：

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理解和改善被监禁者的健康：概述和综合

世界监狱人口的增长速度超过人口增长速度。本期《流行病学评论》包括一些文章，研究人员在其中概述了人们在监狱中所面临的一些关键健康问题的已知信息，特别是与人类免疫缺陷病毒和其他血源性病毒感染有关的信息。反复出现的一个关键主题是，解决监狱中人们的健康需求对于减少人口水平上的健康不平等至关重要-囚犯的健康是公共健康。审查还强调了一些关键的证据差距，特别是来自中低收入国家的证据不足，以及记载了从监狱释放后的健康行为，健康成果或健康服务经历的纵向研究数量有限。尽管有越来越多的证据表明被拘留的青少年健康状况不佳，但纳入的评价均未考虑该人群。应优先研究对青少年进行青少年拘留的健康状况。尽管关于被监禁者的健康的文献迅速增长，但一些关键的健康问题仍然知之甚少，并且对于共同发生的健康状况以及随之而来的对协调医疗的需求还没有给予足够的重视。羁押环境中的关键人群仍处于研究不足状态，限制了针对其健康需求制定有针对性的，循证的应对措施的能力。许多研究的质量都不理想，尽管在矫正环境中进行严格，独立的研究可能会充满挑战，