We conducted a systematic review to examine the substance use and recidivism outcomes of prison-based substance use interventions. We searched public health, criminology, and psychology databases, and conducted forward and backward snowballing methods to identify additional studies. Studies were included if they were published between January 1, 2000 and June 30, 2017; were published in English; and reported substance use and/or recidivism outcomes of prison-based substance use interventions. Studies were reviewed for methodological rigor using the Effective Public Health Practice Project’s Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Our search returned 49 studies: 6 were methodologically strong, 20 were moderate, and 23 were weak. Results suggest therapeutic communities are effective in reducing recidivism and, to a lesser extent substance use after release. There is also evidence to suggest that opioid maintenance treatment is effective in reducing the risk of drug use after release from prison for opioid users. Furthermore, care after release from prison appears to enhance treatment effects for both types of interventions. Results provide evidence that policymakers can use to make informed decisions on best-practice approaches when addressing prisoner substance dependence and improving long-term outcomes. This comprehensive review highlights the difficulties of conducting quality research in the prison setting and suggests innovative study design for future research.

中文翻译：

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基于监狱的毒品和酒精干预的物质使用和累犯结果

我们进行了系统的审查，以审查基于监狱的毒品使用干预措施的毒品使用和累犯后果。我们搜索了公共卫生，犯罪学和心理学数据库，并进行了向前和向后滚雪球的方法来识别其他研究。如果研究在2000年1月1日至2017年6月30日之间发表，则将其包括在内；以英文出版；并报告了基于监狱的毒品使用干预措施的毒品使用和/或累犯结果。使用有效公共卫生实践项目的定量研究质量评估工具对研究进行了严格的方法学审查。我们的搜索返回了49项研究：6项方法论强，20项中等，23项弱。结果表明，治疗社区可有效减少累犯，并且 释放后在较小程度上使用了物质。还有证据表明，阿片类药物维持治疗可有效降低阿片类药物使用者从监狱释放后的药物使用风险。此外，从监狱释放后的照料似乎可以增强两种干预措施的治疗效果。结果提供了证据，表明决策者在解决囚犯对毒品的依赖和改善长期结果时，可以根据最佳实践方法做出明智的决定。这份全面的综述强调了在监狱环境中进行高质量研究的困难，并提出了用于未来研究的创新性研究设计。出狱后的照料似乎可以增强两种干预措施的治疗效果。结果提供了证据，表明决策者在解决囚犯对毒品的依赖和改善长期结果时，可以根据最佳实践方法做出明智的决定。这份全面的综述强调了在监狱环境中进行高质量研究的困难，并提出了用于未来研究的创新性研究设计。出狱后的照料似乎可以增强两种干预措施的治疗效果。结果提供了证据，表明决策者在解决囚犯对毒品的依赖和改善长期结果时，可以根据最佳实践方法做出明智的决定。这份全面的综述强调了在监狱环境中进行高质量研究的困难，并提出了用于未来研究的创新性研究设计。