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Distinct Mechanisms of Transcription Initiation by RNA Polymerases I and II
Annual Review of Biophysics ( IF 10.4 ) Pub Date : 2018-05-24 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-070317-033058
Christoph Engel 1, 2 , Simon Neyer 1 , Patrick Cramer 1
Affiliation  

RNA polymerases I and II (Pol I and Pol II) are the eukaryotic enzymes that catalyze DNA-dependent synthesis of ribosomal RNA and messenger RNA, respectively. Recent work shows that the transcribing forms of both enzymes are similar and the fundamental mechanisms of RNA chain elongation are conserved. However, the mechanisms of transcription initiation and its regulation differ between Pol I and Pol II. Recent structural studies of Pol I complexes with transcription initiation factors provided insights into how the polymerase recognizes its specific promoter DNA, how it may open DNA, and how initiation may be regulated. Comparison with the well-studied Pol II initiation system reveals a distinct architecture of the initiation complex and visualizes promoter- and gene-class-specific aspects of transcription initiation. On the basis of new structural studies, we derive a model of the Pol I transcription cycle and provide a molecular movie of Pol I transcription that can be used for teaching.

中文翻译:


RNA聚合酶I和II引发转录的不同机制

RNA聚合酶I和II(Pol I和Pol II)是真核酶,分别催化核糖体RNA和信使RNA的DNA依赖性合成。最近的工作表明两种酶的转录形式相似,并且RNA链延长的基本机制得以保留。但是,转录启动的机制及其调控在Pol I和Pol II之间有所不同。最近对具有转录起始因子的Pol I复合物的结构研究提供了有关聚合酶如何识别其特定启动子DNA,如何打开DNA以及如何调节起始的见解。与经过充分研究的Pol II起始系统的比较揭示了起始复合物的独特体系结构,并可视化了转录起始的启动子和基因类特异性方面。

更新日期:2018-05-24
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