Marine ecosystems are increasingly exposed to anthropogenic disturbances that cause animals to change behavior and move away from potential foraging grounds. Here we present a process‐based modeling framework for assessing population consequences of such sub‐lethal behavioral effects. It builds directly on how disturbances influence animal movements, foraging and energetics, and is therefore applicable to a wide range of species. To demonstrate the model we assess the impact of wind farm construction noise on the North Sea harbor porpoise population. Subsequently, we demonstrate how the model can be used to minimize population impacts of disturbances through spatial planning. Population models that build on the fundamental processes that determine animal fitness have a high predictive power in novel environments, making them ideal for marine management.

中文翻译：

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预测人为干扰对海洋人口的影响

海洋生态系统越来越多地受到人为干扰，导致动物改变行为并远离潜在的觅食地。在这里，我们提供了一个基于过程的建模框架，用于评估这种亚致死行为影响的总体后果。它直接建立在干扰如何影响动物运动，觅食和能量的基础上，因此适用于广泛的物种。为了演示该模型，我们评估了风电场建设噪声对北海港口海豚种群的影响。随后，我们演示了如何通过空间规划使用该模型来最大程度地减少干扰对人口的影响。建立在决定动物适应性的基本过程之上的种群模型在新颖的环境中具有很高的预测能力，