The present review summarises the current knowledge of the biology, biochemistry and molecular aspects of S. aurantiacum in context with the broader knowledge on Scedosporium spp, generated over the past decade. Recently, the genus has undergone two taxonomical reviews. S. aurantiacum is widely distributed in all ecological niches and geographical locations. It is a highly pathogenic opportunist capable of causing a broad range of diseases via infections occurring in the lungs, sinuses, eyes, bones, central nervous system and internal organs. While S. aurantiacum has a minor role in the colonisation of lungs in Germany and France, in Australia, it comprises approximately one-third of Scedosporium spp. recovered from cystic fibrosis lungs where it may co-exist with other prokaryotic lung inhabitants such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, very little is known about mixed bacterial–fungal interactions or host–fungal interactions in the lungs, all of which may have an impact on disease outcome. Also, the nature of potential virulence factors such as production of particular proteases would require more research. A wide range of molecular diagnostic techniques now available can facilitate rapid and accurate identification of Scedosporium spp. in clinical specimens and environmental samples. However, molecular tools allowing gene overexpression and knockout studies are yet to be fully developed. A draft genome is currently available for S. aurantiacum strain WM 09.24 (CBS136047), an Australian environmental isolate. The emerging genomic tools and metabolic and transcriptomic studies discussed will further advance understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of members of the genus Scedosporium, including S. aurantiacum.

本综述了生物学，生物化学和分子方面的现有知识S.橙黄与在更广阔的知识背景下足放线病菌属，发生在过去的十年。最近，该属经历了两个分类学评论。ur链霉菌广泛分布于所有生态位和地理位置。它是一种高致病性的机会主义者，能够通过在肺，鼻窦，眼睛，骨骼，中枢神经系统和内部器官中发生感染来引起多种疾病。虽然S.橙黄在德国和法国肺的殖民一个小角色，在澳大利亚，它包括大约三分之一的足放线病菌spp。从肺囊性纤维化病中回收，它可能与其他原核肺部居民（如铜绿假单胞菌）共存。然而，人们对肺中细菌-真菌的混合相互作用或宿主-真菌的混合相互作用知之甚少，所有这些都可能对疾病的预后产生影响。同样，潜在毒力因子的性质（例如特定蛋白酶的产生）将需要更多的研究。现在可以使用的各种分子诊断技术可以帮助快速准确地鉴定盾孢菌。在临床标本和环境样品中。但是，允许基因过度表达和基因敲除研究的分子工具尚未得到充分开发。目前可利用的基因组草图可用于金黄色葡萄球菌澳大利亚环境隔离株WM 09.24（CBS136047）。新兴的基因组工具和代谢和转录研究的讨论将进一步增进对Scedosporium属成员的致病机制的理解，包括S. aurantiacum。