The science and engineering of biomaterials have improved the human life expectancy. Tissue engineering is one of the nascent strategies with an aim to fulfill this target. Tissue engineering scaffolds are one of the most significant aspects of the recent tissue repair strategies; hence, it is imperative to design biomimetic substrates with suitable features. Conductive substrates can ameliorate the cellular activity through enhancement of cellular signaling. Biocompatible polymers with conductivity can mimic the cells’ niche in an appropriate manner. Bioconductive polymers based on aniline oligomers can potentially actualize this purpose because of their unique and tailoring properties. The aniline oligomers can be positioned within the molecular structure of other polymers, thus painteracting with the side groups of the main polymer or acting as a comonomer in their backbone. The conductivity of oligoaniline-based conductive biomaterials can be tailored to mimic the electrical and mechanical properties of targeted tissues/organs. These bioconductive substrates can be designed with high mechanical strength for hard tissues such as the bone and with high elasticity to be used for the cardiac tissue or can be synthesized in the form of injectable hydrogels, particles, and nanofibers for noninvasive implantation; these structures can be used for applications such as drug/gene delivery and extracellular biomimetic structures. It is expected that with progress in the fields of biomaterials and tissue engineering, more innovative constructs will be proposed in the near future. This review discusses the recent advancements in the use of oligoaniline-based conductive biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.

Statement of Significance

The tissue engineering applications of aniline oligomers and their derivatives have recently attracted increasing interest due to their electroactive and biodegradable properties. However, no reports have systematically reviewed the critical role of oligoaniline-based conductive biomaterials in tissue engineering. Research on aniline oligomers is growing today opening new scenarios that expand the potential of these biomaterials from “traditional” treatments to a new era of tissue engineering. The conductivity of this class of biomaterials can be tailored similar to that of tissues/organs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review article in which such issue is systematically reviewed and critically discussed in the light of the existing literature. Undoubtedly, investigations on the use of oligoaniline-based conductive biomaterials in tissue engineering need further advancement and a lot of critical questions are yet to be answered. In this review, we introduce the salient features, the hurdles that must be overcome, the hopes, and practical constraints for further development.

中文翻译：

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基于寡苯胺的组织工程导电生物材料

生物材料的科学和工程学提高了人类的预期寿命。组织工程学是旨在实现这一目标的新生战略之一。组织工程支架是最近的组织修复策略中最重要的方面之一。因此，必须设计具有合适特征的仿生基质。导电底物可通过增强细胞信号传导来改善细胞活性。具有导电性的生物相容性聚合物可以适当的方式模拟细胞的生态位。基于苯胺低聚物的生物导电聚合物由于其独特和定制的特性，可以潜在地实现这一目的。苯胺低聚物可以位于其他聚合物的分子结构内，因此，与主要聚合物的侧基发生油漆作用，或在其主链中起共聚单体的作用。可以调整基于低聚苯胺的导电生物材料的电导率，以模仿目标组织/器官的电学和机械性能。这些生物导电性基材可以设计成对诸如骨头之类的硬组织具有较高的机械强度，并具有用于心脏组织的高弹性，或者可以以可注射的水凝胶，颗粒和纳米纤维的形式合成，用于非侵入性植入；这些结构可用于诸如药物/基因递送和细胞外仿生结构的应用。预计随着生物材料和组织工程领域的进步，在不久的将来将提出更多创新的结构。

重要声明

苯胺低聚物及其衍生物的组织工程应用近来由于其电活性和可生物降解的特性而引起了越来越多的兴趣。然而，没有报告系统地审查基于低聚苯胺的导电生物材料在组织工程中的关键作用。如今，有关苯胺低聚物的研究正在不断发展，从而开辟了新的场景，将这些生物材料的潜力从“传统”治疗扩展到了组织工程的新时代。这类生物材料的电导率可以与组织/器官的电导率相类似。据我们所知，这是第一篇评论文章，其中根据现有文献对这一问题进行了系统地审查和严格讨论。无疑，基于低聚苯胺的导电生物材料在组织工程中的使用的研究需要进一步发展，许多关键问题尚待解答。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了其突出的特点，必须克服的障碍，希望以及进一步发展的实际限制。