Dual-process models of attitudes distinguish between implicit and explicit processes in which the valence (i.e., positivity or negativity) of a stimulus influences judgments and behavior toward the stimulus. Developing parallel to the dual-process literature has been a threat detection literature suggesting that the mind is preferentially attuned to threats to immediate bodily harm. That literature reveals early privileged responses (e.g., shorter latency of detection, stronger reflexive reactions, and faster and stronger physiological responses) to threatening stimuli relative to negative, neutral, and positive stimuli. By integrating those literatures, we develop the dual implicit process model that postulates two functionally distinct and serially linked automatic processes in which an implicit threat process precedes (and potentially influences) an implicit valence process (positive vs. negative), which precedes (and potentially influences) explicit processes. In addition to explicating the nature of the model, we examine insights it offers various research areas, and conclude by identifying open questions regarding the model.

中文翻译：

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关于双重隐式评估模型中威胁的优先处理

态度的双重过程模型区分隐性过程和显性过程，在隐性过程和显性过程中，刺激的效价（即，阳性或阴性）会影响对刺激的判断和行为。与双过程文献平行发展的是威胁检测文献，表明大脑优先适应对直接身体伤害的威胁。该文献揭示了相对于阴性，中性和阳性刺激，对威胁性刺激的早期特权反应（例如，较短的检测潜伏期，更强的反射反应以及更快，更强的生理反应）。通过整合这些文献，我们开发了双重隐式过程模型，该模型假定了两个功能上不同且串行链接的自动过程，其中隐式威胁过程先于（并可能影响）隐式价过程（正与负），隐式价过程在显式过程之前（并可能影响）。除了阐明模型的本质之外，我们还将研究它提供各种研究领域的见解，并通过确定有关模型的开放性问题来得出结论。