Association analyses between blood pressure (BP) and serum sodium and potassium for 14,657 men and 16,977 women between ages 12 and 85 years show that responses of BP to serum sodium and potassium are age and gender dependent. The data were from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2003 and 2014. Associations between serum sodium and BP are positive only for advanced age groups and for serum sodium level greater than 139–140 mmol/L in less advanced groups. These positive associations can be explained by traditional renal-centered mechanism. Inverse associations between systolic BP and serum sodium exist when sodium is less than ∼140 mmol/L in less advanced age groups (<60 for men and <70 for women). These inverse associations can partially be explained by the extrarenal regulatory mechanism in which sodium storage in negatively charged glycosaminoglycans in the interstitium may be involved. Associations of high serum potassium and low BP are consistent and exist in most age groups. Effect of potassium on systolic BP and diastolic BP are more prominent in less advanced age groups. Age-dependent associations between sodium and BP support the theory that sodium homeostasis in the body may not be regulated by renal-centered responses alone. There might be regulation of an extrarenal system in which sodium attraction by negatively charged glycosaminoglycans plays a role.

对年龄在12至85岁之间的14657名男性和16977名女性的血压（BP）与血清钠和钾之间的关联分析表明，BP对血清钠和钾的反应取决于年龄和性别。数据来自2003年至2014年的美国国家健康与营养调查。血清钠和BP的关联仅在高龄组中为阳性，而在低龄组中血清钠水平高于139–140 mmol / L。这些积极的联系可以用传统的以肾脏为中心的机制来解释。当低龄年龄组的钠含量低于约140 mmol / L时，收缩压与血清钠之间存在负相关关系（男性<60，女性<70）。这些反向关联可以部分通过肾外调节机制来解释，其中可能涉及间质中带负电荷的糖胺聚糖中的钠储存。高血清钾和低血压的关联是一致的，并且存在于大多数年龄组中。钾对收缩压和舒张压的影响在低龄人群中更为明显。钠和BP之间的年龄相关性关联支持这样的理论，即体内钠稳态可能不受仅以肾脏为中心的反应所调节。可能存在肾外系统的调节，其中带负电荷的糖胺聚糖对钠的吸引起作用。钾对收缩压和舒张压的影响在低龄人群中更为明显。钠和BP之间的年龄相关性关联支持这样的理论，即体内钠稳态可能不受仅以肾脏为中心的反应所调节。可能存在肾外系统的调节，其中带负电荷的糖胺聚糖对钠的吸引起作用。钾对收缩压和舒张压的影响在低龄人群中更为明显。钠和BP之间的年龄相关性关联支持这样的理论，即体内钠稳态可能不受仅以肾脏为中心的反应所调节。可能存在肾外系统的调节，其中带负电荷的糖胺聚糖对钠的吸引起作用。