Overlapping pathways between mood and metabolic regulation have increasingly been reported. Although impaired regulation of adiponectin, a major metabolism-regulating hormone, has been implicated in major depressive disorder, its role in seasonal changes in mood and seasonal affective disorder-winter type (SAD), a disorder characterized by onset of mood impairment and metabolic dysregulation (e.g., carbohydrate craving and weight gain) in fall/winter and spontaneous alleviation in spring/summer, has not been previously studied. We studied a convenience sample of 636 Old Order Amish (mean (± SD), 53.6 (±14.8) years; 50.1% males), a population with self-imposed restriction on network electric light at home, and low prevalence of total SAD (t-SAD = syndromal + subsyndromal). We calculated the global seasonality score (GSS), estimated SAD and subsyndromal-SAD after obtaining Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaires (SPAQs), and measured overnight fasting plasma adiponectin levels. We then tested associations between plasma adiponectin levels and GSS, t-SAD, winter-summer difference in self-reported sleep duration, and self-reported seasonal weight change, by using analysis of co-variance (ANCOVA) and linear regression analysis after adjusting for age, gender, and BMI. Participants with t-SAD (N = 14; 2.2%) had significantly lower plasma adiponectin levels (mean ± SEM, 8.76 ± 1.56 μg/mL) than those without t-SAD (mean ± SEM, 11.93 ± 0.22 μg/mL) (p = 0.035). In addition, there was significant negative association between adiponectin levels and winter-summer difference in self-reported sleep duration (p = 0.025) and between adiponectin levels and self-reported seasonal change in weight (p = 0.006). There was no significant association between GSS and adiponectin levels (p = 0.88). To our knowledge, this is the first study testing the association of SAD with adiponectin levels. Replication and extension of our findings longitudinally and, then, interventionally, may implicate low adiponectin as a novel target for therapeutic intervention in SAD.

中文翻译：

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季节性情感障碍以及体重和睡眠时间的季节性变化与血浆脂联素水平呈负相关。

越来越多地报道了情绪和代谢调节之间的重叠途径。虽然脂联素（一种主要的代谢调节激素）的调节受损与重度抑郁症有关，但它在情绪的季节性变化和季节性情感障碍 - 冬季型 (SAD) 中的作用，这是一种以情绪障碍和代谢失调为特征的疾病（例如，对碳水化合物的渴望和体重增加）在秋季/冬季和春季/夏季的自发缓解，以前没有被研究过。我们研究了 636 名旧秩序阿米什人（平均 (± SD)，53.6 (±14.8) 岁；50.1% 男性）的便利样本，该人群在家中对网络电灯进行自我限制，总 SAD 的患病率较低（ t-SAD = 综合征 + 亚综合征）。我们计算了全球季节性得分（GSS），在获得季节性模式评估问卷 (SPAQ) 后估计 SAD 和亚综合征-SAD，并测量隔夜空腹血浆脂联素水平。然后，我们通过协方差分析 (ANCOVA) 和调整后的线性回归分析，测试了血浆脂联素水平与 GSS、t-SAD、自我报告的睡眠时间的冬夏差异以及自我报告的季节性体重变化之间的关联年龄、性别和BMI。患有 t-SAD 的参与者（N = 14；2.2%）的血浆脂联素水平（平均值 ± SEM，8.76 ± 1.56 μg/mL）显着低于没有 t-SAD 的参与者（平均值 ± SEM，11.93 ± 0.22 μg/mL）（ p = 0.035)。此外，脂联素水平与自我报告的睡眠时间的冬夏差异之间存在显着负相关（p = 0. 025）以及脂联素水平和自我报告的体重季节性变化之间（p = 0.006）。GSS 和脂联素水平之间没有显着关联（p = 0.88）。据我们所知，这是第一项测试 SAD 与脂联素水平相关性的研究。纵向复制和扩展我们的研究结果，然后再进行干预，可能暗示低脂联素是 SAD 治疗干预的新靶点。