Human functional brain connectivity is usually measured either at "rest" or during cognitive tasks, ignoring life's moments of mental transition. We propose a different approach to understanding brain network transitions. We applied a novel independent component analysis of functional connectivity during motor inhibition (stop signal task) and during the continuous transition to an immediately ensuing rest. A functional network reconfiguration process emerged that: (i) was most prominent in those without familial alcoholism risk, (ii) encompassed brain areas engaged by the task, yet (iii) emerged only transiently after task cessation. The pattern was not present in a pre-task rest scan or in the remaining minutes of post-task rest. Finally, this transient network reconfiguration related to a key behavioral trait of addiction risk: reward delay discounting. These novel findings illustrate how dynamic brain functional reconfiguration during normally unstudied periods of cognitive transition might reflect addiction vulnerability, and potentially other forms of brain dysfunction.

中文翻译：

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脱离大脑：认知参与和酗酒风险的动态转变


人类功能性大脑连接通常是在“休息”或认知任务期间测量的，忽略了生活中心理转变的时刻。我们提出了一种不同的方法来理解大脑网络转变。我们对运动抑制（停止信号任务）期间和连续过渡到立即休息期间的功能连接应用了一种新颖的独立成分分析。功能网络重新配置过程出现：（i）在那些没有家族性酗酒风险的人中最为突出，（ii）涵盖了与任务相关的大脑区域，但（iii）仅在任务停止后短暂出现。该模式在任务前休息扫描或任务后剩余的休息时间中不存在。最后，这种短暂的网络重新配置与成瘾风险的一个关键行为特征有关：奖​​励延迟贴现。这些新发现表明，在通常未研究的认知转变期间，动态大脑功能重新配置可能反映成瘾脆弱性，以及潜在的其他形式的大脑功能障碍。