Nature-inspired self-cleaning surfaces have attracted considerable attention from both fundamental research and practical applications. This review adopts a chemical-engineering point of view and focuses on mechanisms, modelling, and manufacturing (M3) of nature-inspired self-cleaning surfaces. We will introduce six nature-inspired self-cleaning mechanisms: The Lotus-effect, superhydrophobic-induced droplet jumping, superhydrophobic-induced unidirectional movement of water droplet, underwater-superoleophobic-based self-cleaning, slippery-based self-cleaning, and dry self-cleaning. These mechanisms of nature self-cleaning examples are popular and well-known as well as have been widely applied or exhibited potential applications in our daily life and industrial productions. The mathematical and numerical modelling of the identified self-cleaning mechanisms will be carefully introduced, which will contribute to the rational design and reproducible construction of these functional self-cleaning surfaces. Finally, we will discuss how these materials can be produced, with a focus on scalable manufacturing. We hope this review will strengthen the understanding on nature-inspired self-cleaning surfaces and stimulate interdisciplinary collaboration of material science, biology and engineering.

受自然启发的自清洁表面已经从基础研究和实际应用中引起了相当大的关注。本文采用化学工程学的观点，重点研究自然界自清洁表面的机理，建模和制造（M3）。我们将介绍六种受自然启发的自我清洁机制：莲花效应，超疏水性液滴跳跃，超疏水性水滴单向运动，水下超疏油性自我清洁，湿滑性自我清洁和干燥自清洁。这些自然自洁机制的例子很受欢迎，并且众所周知，并且已经在我们的日常生活和工业生产中得到广泛应用或展现出潜在的应用。将仔细介绍已识别的自清洁机制的数学和数值模型，这将有助于这些功能性自清洁表面的合理设计和可重复构造。最后，我们将讨论如何生产这些材料，重点是可扩展的制造。我们希望这次审查能增进对自然启发的自我清洁表面的理解，并促进材料科学，生物学和工程学的跨学科合作。