Nature has evolved unique strategies to generate delicate biominerals at various length scales with genetically encoded protein scaffolds. Nevertheless, the ability to design programmable biomimetic mineralized nanostructures remains limited. Here, we report that self-assembled DNA frameworks can encode the nanoscale mineralization of calcium phosphate (CaP) with precision and versatility. We establish that the size and shape of DNA-CaP nanostructures are programmed by the structural information encoded within DNA sequences and the electrostatic interactions between DNA phosphate backbone and mineral counterparts. The generality of this strategy is verified by using two- and three-dimensional DNA framework ranging from ∼10 to ∼100 nm. We further find that CaP mineralization-solidified DNA framework functions as a sustainable nanoagent for live-cell delivery of drugs. These findings open a new avenue for nanoscale mineralization with unprecedented sophisticated architectures for versatile applications.

大自然已经进化出独特的策略，可以利用遗传编码的蛋白质支架在各种长度的尺度上生成精致的生物矿物质。然而，设计可编程仿生矿化纳米结构的能力仍然有限。在这里，我们报道自组装的DNA框架可以编码磷酸钙（CaP）的纳米级矿化，具有精确性和多功能性。我们确定DNA-CaP纳米结构的大小和形状是由DNA序列内编码的结构信息以及DNA磷酸盐骨架与矿物对应物之间的静电相互作用所编程的。该策略的普遍性通过使用二维和三维DNA框架（范围从〜10到〜100 nm）得到验证。我们进一步发现，CaP矿化凝固的DNA框架可作为药物活细胞递送的可持续纳米剂。这些发现为纳米级矿化开辟了一条新途径，其空前的复杂体系结构可用于多种用途。