Titanium, either in form of a Ti foil or in form of a Ti mesh, was used as a novel substrate to grow nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) by chemical vapor deposition at moderate temperatures over electrodeposited iron particles. The thus‐prepared high‐surface‐area electrodes where characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrochemical performance towards the V(IV)/V(V) redox couple was investigated using cyclic voltammetry. The parameters for iron particle electrodeposition were adjusted towards high and uniform substrate coverage. Nanotube growth from acetonitrile at moderate temperatures (600 °C) led to N‐containing CNTs with a high amount of graphitic nitrogen. NCNTs grown over Ti substrates provide promising performances towards the V(IV)/V(V) as well as the V(III)/V(IV) redox pair. In general, the results of this study show that Ti might be a suitable electrocatalyst substrate for various applications in electrochemical energy conversion.

中文翻译：

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钛作为用于钒氧化还原液流电池应用的三维混合电极的新型基底

钛以Ti箔的形式或Ti网状的形式被用作新型衬底，通过在中等温度下在电沉积铁颗粒上进行化学气相沉积来生长掺氮碳纳米管（NCNT）。使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM），拉曼光谱和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）对如此制备的高表面积电极进行表征。使用循环伏安法研究了对V（IV）/ V（V）氧化还原对的电化学性能。将铁粒子电沉积的参数调整为高且均匀的基材覆盖率。纳米管在中等温度（600°C）下从乙腈中生长出来，导致含氮的CNT具有大量的石墨氮。在Ti基片上生长的NCNT对V（IV）/ V（V）以及V（III）/ V（IV）氧化还原对具有良好的性能。通常，这项研究的结果表明，Ti可能是电化学能量转换中各种应用的合适电催化剂基质。