Globally, cardiovascular disease remains a major cause of adverse outcomes in young individuals, unlike its decline in other age groups. This group is not well studied and has a unique risk profile with less traditional cardiovascular risk factors compared with older populations. Plaque rupture still remains the most common etiology of myocardial infarction, but unique syndromes such as plaque erosion, coronary microvascular dysfunction, spontaneous coronary artery dissection, and coronary spasm related to drug use are more prevalent in this age group. Such diversity of diagnosis and presentation, along with therapeutic implications, underscore the need to study the profile of myocardial infarction in young persons. We searched PubMed for articles published from 1980 to 218 using the terms acute myocardial infarction, young, plaque rupture, plaque erosion, spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD), coronary vasospasm, variant or Prinzmetal angina, drug-induced myocardial infarction, myocarditis, coronary embolism, microvascular dysfunction, MINOCA, and myocardial infarction in pregnancy and reviewed all the published studies. With the data from this search, we aim to inform readers of the prevalence, risk factors, presentation, and management of acute myocardial infarction in young patients and elaborate on special subgroups with diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. We also outline a parsimonious method designed to simplify management of these complex patients.

中文翻译：

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青年人的急性心肌梗塞。

在全球范围内，心血管疾病仍然是年轻人不良结局的主要原因，这与其他年龄组的下降不同。该人群的研究尚未得到很好的研究，并且具有独特的风险特征，与老年人群相比，传统心血管风险因素更少。斑块破裂仍然是心肌梗死的最常见病因，但是在这一年龄段，斑块腐蚀，冠状动脉微血管功能障碍，自发性冠状动脉夹层破裂和与药物使用相关的冠状痉挛等独特的综合征更为普遍。这种诊断和表现形式的多样性以及治疗意义，突显了研究年轻人心肌梗塞特征的必要性。我们在PubMed中搜索了1980至218年间发表的文章，这些文章使用了急性心肌梗塞，年轻，斑块破裂，斑块侵蚀，自发性冠状动脉夹层（SCAD），冠状动脉痉挛，变异型或Prinzmetal心绞痛，药物诱发的心肌梗塞，心肌炎，冠状动脉栓塞，微血管功能障碍，MINOCA和妊娠期心肌梗塞，并回顾了所有已发表的研究。借助此次搜索的数据，我们旨在向读者介绍年轻患者急性心肌梗死的患病率，危险因素，表现和治疗方法，并详细阐述具有诊断和治疗挑战的特殊亚组。我们还概述了一种简化方法，旨在简化这些复杂患者的管理。和妊娠期心肌梗死，并回顾了所有已发表的研究。借助此次搜索的数据，我们旨在向读者介绍年轻患者急性心肌梗死的患病率，危险因素，表现和治疗方法，并详细阐述具有诊断和治疗挑战的特殊亚组。我们还概述了一种简化方法，旨在简化这些复杂患者的管理。和妊娠期心肌梗死，并回顾了所有已发表的研究。借助此次搜索的数据，我们旨在向读者介绍年轻患者急性心肌梗死的患病率，危险因素，表现和治疗方法，并详细阐述具有诊断和治疗挑战的特殊亚组。我们还概述了一种简化方法，旨在简化这些复杂患者的管理。