A lack of spatial congruence between carbon storage and biodiversity in intact forests suggests limited cobenefits of carbon‐focused policies for conserving tropical biodiversity. However, whether the same applies in tropical human‐dominated landscapes (HDLs) is unclear. In India's Western Ghats Biodiversity Hotspot, we found that while HDL forests harbor lower tree diversity and aboveground carbon stocks than relatively intact forests, positive diversity–carbon correlations are more prevalent in HDLs. This is because anthropogenic drivers of species loss in HDLs consistently reduce carbon storing biomass volume (lower basal area), and biomass per unit volume (fewer hardwood trees). We further show, using a meta‐analysis spanning multiple regions, that these patterns apply to tropical HDLs more generally. Thus, while complementary strategies are needed for securing the irreplaceable biodiversity and carbon values of intact forests, ubiquitous tropical HDLs might hold greater potential for synergizing biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation.

中文翻译：

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热带人为主导景观中的树木多样性和碳储量的共同效益

完整森林中碳储存和生物多样性之间缺乏空间一致性，这表明以碳为重点的保护热带生物多样性政策的协同效益有限。但是，目前还不清楚是否适用于热带人类为主的景观（HDL）。在印度的西高止山脉生物多样性热点中，我们发现，尽管高密度脂蛋白森林的树木多样性和地上碳储量低于相对完整的森林，但高密度脂蛋白中正多样性与碳的正相关性更为普遍。这是因为高密度脂蛋白中物种流失的人为驱动因素持续减少了碳储存生物量（基础面积较低）和单位体积生物量（硬木树减少）。我们使用跨多个区域的荟萃分析进一步表明，这些模式更普遍地适用于热带高密度脂蛋白。因此，