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Observations of ozone formation in southern African savanna and grassland fire plumes
Atmospheric Environment ( IF 4.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117256
Ville Vakkari , Johan P. Beukes , Miroslav Josipovic , Pieter G. van Zyl

Abstract Open biomass burning is one of the largest sources of aerosols and reactive trace gases into the atmosphere, having a significant effect on earth's radiative budget and air quality. Biomass burning degrades air quality by increasing both particulate matter and ozone levels. Unlike aerosols, ozone is not directly emitted in fires but it is frequently formed in ageing plumes. This is not surprising, as many of the reactive trace gases emitted in biomass burning including nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and volatile organic compounds, act as precursors for ozone formation. Geographically, Africa is the most significant source region of biomass burning emissions. Here, we report rapid ozone formation in daytime savanna and grassland fire plumes observed in South Africa. We observed higher ozone production in more flaming cases for plumes fresher than 1.5h. However, in plumes aged >1.5h combustion characteristics have no effect, but ozone production is positively correlated with nitrogen oxides. Furthermore, the plumes with highest ozone production also had the strongest secondary aerosol formation during plume ageing. Additionally, we report emission factors of nitric oxide and sulphur dioxide for southern African savanna and grassland fires. SO2 emission factor was on average 1.1 g kg−1, which is two to three times higher than previous observations for savanna and grassland. On the other hand, the average NO emission factor (2.6 g kg−1) agrees well with previous observations.

中文翻译:

对南部非洲稀树草原和草原火羽中臭氧形成的观测

摘要 开放式生物质燃烧是进入大气的气溶胶和活性微量气体的最大来源之一,对地球的辐射收支和空气质量有显着影响。生物质燃烧通过增加颗粒物和臭氧水平来降低空气质量。与气溶胶不同,臭氧不会直接在火灾中排放,而是经常在老化的羽状物中形成。这并不奇怪,因为生物质燃烧中排放的许多反应性痕量气体,包括氮氧化物、一氧化碳和挥发性有机化合物,都是臭氧形成的前体。从地理上讲,非洲是生物质燃烧排放的最重要来源地区。在这里,我们报告了在南非观察到的白天稀树草原和草原火羽中臭氧的快速形成。我们观察到在更多燃烧的情况下,对于新鲜度超过 1.5 小时的羽状物,臭氧产生量更高。然而,在超过 1.5 小时的烟羽中,燃烧特性没有影响,但臭氧产生与氮氧化物呈正相关。此外,臭氧产量最高的羽流在羽流老化过程中也具有最强的二次气溶胶形成。此外,我们还报告了南部非洲热带稀树草原和草原火灾的一氧化氮和二氧化硫的排放因子。SO2 排放因子平均为 1.1 g kg-1,比​​之前对稀树草原和草原的观测值高出两到三倍。另一方面,平均 NO 排放因子 (2.6 g kg-1) 与之前的观察结果非常吻合。但臭氧产生量与氮氧化物呈正相关。此外,臭氧产量最高的羽流在羽流老化过程中也具有最强的二次气溶胶形成。此外,我们还报告了南部非洲热带稀树草原和草原火灾的一氧化氮和二氧化硫的排放因子。SO2 排放因子平均为 1.1 g kg-1,比​​之前对稀树草原和草原的观测值高出两到三倍。另一方面,平均 NO 排放因子 (2.6 g kg-1) 与之前的观察结果非常吻合。但臭氧产生量与氮氧化物呈正相关。此外,臭氧产量最高的羽流在羽流老化过程中也具有最强的二次气溶胶形成。此外,我们还报告了南部非洲热带稀树草原和草原火灾的一氧化氮和二氧化硫的排放因子。SO2 排放因子平均为 1.1 g kg-1,比​​之前对稀树草原和草原的观测值高出两到三倍。另一方面,平均 NO 排放因子 (2.6 g kg-1) 与之前的观察结果非常吻合。SO2 排放因子平均为 1.1 g kg-1,比​​之前对稀树草原和草原的观测值高出两到三倍。另一方面,平均 NO 排放因子 (2.6 g kg-1) 与之前的观察结果非常吻合。SO2 排放因子平均为 1.1 g kg-1,比​​之前对稀树草原和草原的观测值高出两到三倍。另一方面,平均 NO 排放因子 (2.6 g kg-1) 与之前的观察结果非常吻合。
更新日期:2020-02-01
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