Amphibious plants thrive in areas with fluctuating water levels, partly as a result of their capacity to make specialized leaves when submerged or emerged. The tailor‐made leaves improve gas exchange underwater or prevent aerial desiccation. Aquatic leaves are thin with narrow or dissected forms, thin cuticles and fewer stomata. These traits can combine with carbon‐concentrating mechanisms and various inorganic carbon utilization strategies. Signalling networks underlying this plasticity include conserved players like abscisic acid and ethylene, but closer inspection reveals greater variation in regulatory behaviours. Moreover, it seems that amphibious leaf development overrides and reverses conserved signalling pathways of their terrestrial counterparts. The diversity of physiology and signalling makes plant amphibians particularly attractive for gaining insights into the evolution of signalling and crop improvement.

中文翻译：

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动态水文生态位中两栖植物的形状转移。

两栖植物在水位波动的地区壮成长，部分原因是它们有能力在淹没或出苗时形成专门的叶子。量身定制的叶子可改善水下的气体交换或防止空中干燥。水生的叶片很薄，具有狭窄或切开的形式，表皮较薄，气孔较少。这些特征可以与碳浓缩机制和各种无机碳利用策略相结合。具有这种可塑性的信号网络包括脱落酸和乙烯等保守分子，但仔细检查后发现监管行为存在较大差异。此外，似乎两栖叶的发育覆盖并逆转了其陆地对应物的保守信号通路。