AIMS Chronic exposure to nocturnal transportation noise has been linked to cardiovascular disorders with sleep impairment as the main mediator. Here we examined whether nocturnal transportation noise affects the main stress pathways, and whether it relates to changes in the macro and micro structure of sleep. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-six young healthy participants (12 women, 24.6 ± 0.7 years, mean ± SE) spent five consecutive 24-h days and one last morning in the laboratory. The first (baseline) and last (recovery) nights comprised a quiet ambient scenario. In-between, four different noise scenarios (low/medium/high intermittent road or rail scenarios with an identical equivalent continuous sound level of 45 dB) were randomly presented during the 8-h nights. Participants felt more annoyed from the transportation noise scenarios compared to the quiet ambient scenario played back during the baseline and recovery nights (F5,117 = 10.2, p < 0.001). Nocturnal transportation noise did not significantly impact polysomnographically assessed sleep macrostructure, blood pressure, nocturnal catecholamine levels and morning cytokine levels. Evening cortisol levels increased after sleeping with highly intermittent road noise compared to baseline (p = 0.002, noise effect: F4,83 = 4.0, p = 0.005), a result related to increased cumulative duration of autonomic arousals during the noise nights (F5,106 = 3.4, p < 0.001; correlation: rpearson = 0.64, p = 0.006). CONCLUSION Under controlled laboratory conditions, highly intermittent nocturnal road noise exposure at 45 dB increased the cumulative duration of autonomic arousals during sleep and next-day evening cortisol levels. Our results indicate that, without impairing sleep macrostructure, nocturnal transportation noise of 45 dB is a physiological stressor that affects the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis during the following day in healthy young good sleepers.

中文翻译：

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运输噪声会在不改变睡眠的情况下损害心血管功能：自主唤醒的重要性。

AIMS长期暴露于夜间运输噪声已与心血管疾病有关，其中睡眠障碍是主要的介质。在这里，我们检查了夜间交通噪声是否影响主要的应激途径，以及它是否与睡眠的宏观和微观结构的变化有关。方法和结果26名年轻健康参与者（12名妇女，24.6±0.7岁，平均±SE）在实验室中连续五天（每天24小时）度过，最后一天早晨。前一晚（基准）和最后一晚（恢复）构成了一个安静的环境场景。在这之间，在8小时的夜晚中随机呈现了四个不同的噪声场景（低/中/高间歇性道路或铁路场景，具有相等的等效连续声级45 dB）。与基线和恢复之夜播放的安静环境场景相比，参与者对交通噪声场景更为烦恼（F5,117 = 10.2，p <0.001）。夜间运输噪声对多导睡眠图评估的睡眠宏观结构，血压，夜间儿茶酚胺水平和早晨细胞因子水平没有明显影响。与基线相比，在高度间歇性道路噪声下睡觉后晚上皮质醇水平增加（p = 0.002，噪声影响：F4,83 = 4.0，p = 0.005），其结果与夜间噪声中自主唤醒的持续时间增加有关（F5， 106 = 3.4，p <0.001；相关性：rpearson = 0.64，p = 0.006）。结论在受控的实验室条件下，45 dB的高度间歇性夜行道路噪声暴露会增加睡眠和第二天晚上皮质醇水平的自主唤醒的持续时间。我们的结果表明，在不损害睡眠宏观结构的前提下，夜间健康睡眠的第二天，夜间运输噪音为45 dB是生理压力，会影响下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴。