Cell polarity plays an important role in a wide range of biological processes in plant growth and development. Cell polarity is manifested as the asymmetric distribution of molecules, for example, proteins and lipids, at the plasma membrane and/or inside of a cell. Here, we summarize a few polarized proteins that have been characterized in plants and we review recent advances towards understanding the molecular mechanism for them to polarize at the plasma membrane. Multiple mechanisms, including membrane trafficking, cytoskeletal activities, and protein phosphorylation, and so forth define the polarized plasma membrane domains. Recent discoveries suggest that the polar positioning of the proteo‐lipid membrane domain may instruct the formation of polarity complexes in plants. In this review, we highlight the factors and regulators for their functions in establishing the membrane asymmetries in plant development. Furthermore, we discuss a few outstanding questions to be addressed to better understand the mechanisms by which cell polarity is regulated in plants.

中文翻译：

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细胞极性：植物中的调节剂和机制。

细胞极性在植物生长和发育的广泛生物学过程中起着重要作用。细胞极性表现为质膜和/或细胞内部分子（例如蛋白质和脂质）的不对称分布。在这里，我们总结了一些已在植物中表征的极化蛋白，并回顾了了解它们在质膜极化的分子机制的最新进展。多种机制，包括膜运输，细胞骨架活性和蛋白质磷酸化等，定义了极化的质膜结构域。最近的发现表明蛋白-脂膜结构域的极性定位可能指示植物中极性复合物的形成。在这篇评论中，我们重点介绍了在植物发育过程中建立膜不对称性的因素和调节剂。此外，我们讨论了一些悬而未决的问题，以更好地理解植物中细胞极性调节的机制。