Electrolyte gating with ionic liquids has been broadly applied in various fields in recent years. However, it remains under debate since defect-controlling and electrochemical doping are conventionally disputed to interpret the corresponding mechanism. In this work, we provide the synergistic mechanism that oxygen vacancy migration and element-doping together drive the formation of metallization. The prepared Bi2O3 films experienced insulator-metal transition and structural transformation by field-induced ionic liquid. The consequent structural transition in the Bi2O3 film was dynamically monitored by XRD, and the results indicated that an extraordinary metal Bi phase was formed during the electrolyte gating process, which was further verified by HR-TEM and XPS. Our current findings will boost the development of electrolyte gating and bring insight into other metal oxides in ionic liquid gating experiment.Electrolyte gating with ionic liquids has been broadly applied in various fields in recent years. However, it remains under debate since defect-controlling and electrochemical doping are conventionally disputed to interpret the corresponding mechanism. In this work, we provide the synergistic mechanism that oxygen vacancy migration and element-doping together drive the formation of metallization. The prepared Bi2O3 films experienced insulator-metal transition and structural transformation by field-induced ionic liquid. The consequent structural transition in the Bi2O3 film was dynamically monitored by XRD, and the results indicated that an extraordinary metal Bi phase was formed during the electrolyte gating process, which was further verified by HR-TEM and XPS. Our current findings will boost the development of electrolyte gating and bring insight into other metal oxides in ionic liquid gating experiment.

中文翻译：

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电解质浇注引起的 Bi2O3 外延膜相变的动力学研究

近年来，离子液体的电解质门控已广泛应用于各个领域。然而，由于缺陷控制和电化学掺杂通常对解释相应机制存在争议，因此仍有争议。在这项工作中，我们提供了氧空位迁移和元素掺杂共同驱动金属化形成的协同机制。制备的 Bi2O3 薄膜在场诱导离子液体的作用下经历了绝缘体-金属转变和结构转变。随后的 Bi2O3 膜中的结构转变通过 XRD 动态监测，结果表明在电解质浇注过程中形成了异常的金属 Bi 相，这通过 HR-TEM 和 XPS 进一步验证。我们目前的发现将推动电解质浇注的发展，并为离子液体浇注实验中的其他金属氧化物带来新的见解。近年来，离子液体的电解质浇注已广泛应用于各个领域。然而，由于缺陷控制和电化学掺杂通常对解释相应机制存在争议，因此仍有争议。在这项工作中，我们提供了氧空位迁移和元素掺杂共同驱动金属化形成的协同机制。制备的 Bi2O3 薄膜在场诱导离子液体的作用下经历了绝缘体-金属转变和结构转变。Bi2O3 薄膜中随之发生的结构转变通过 XRD 动态监测，结果表明，在电解质浇注过程中形成了异常的金属 Bi 相，这通过 HR-TEM 和 XPS 进一步验证。我们目前的发现将促进电解质门控的发展，并在离子液体门控实验中深入了解其他金属氧化物。