Novel RNA viruses associated with Plasmodium vivax in human malaria and Leucocytozoon parasites in avian disease.,PLoS Pathogens

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Novel RNA viruses associated with Plasmodium vivax in human malaria and Leucocytozoon parasites in avian disease.
PLoS Pathogens ( IF 5.5 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-30 , DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008216
Justine Charon ₁ , Matthew J Grigg _{2,

3} , John-Sebastian Eden _{1,

4} , Kim A Piera ₂ , Hafsa Rana ₄ , Timothy William _{3,

5,

6} , Karrie Rose ₇ , Miles P Davenport ₈ , Nicholas M Anstey _{2,

3} , Edward C Holmes ₁

Affiliation

Eukaryotes of the genus Plasmodium cause malaria, a parasitic disease responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality in humans. Yet, the nature and abundance of any viruses carried by these divergent eukaryotic parasites is unknown. We investigated the Plasmodium virome by performing a meta-transcriptomic analysis of blood samples taken from patients suffering from malaria and infected with P. vivax, P. falciparum or P. knowlesi. This resulted in the identification of a narnavirus-like sequence, encoding an RNA polymerase and restricted to P. vivax samples, as well as an associated viral segment of unknown function. These data, confirmed by PCR, are indicative of a novel RNA virus that we term Matryoshka RNA virus 1 (MaRNAV-1) to reflect its analogy to a "Russian doll": a virus, infecting a parasite, infecting an animal. Additional screening revealed that MaRNAV-1 was abundant in geographically diverse P. vivax derived from humans and mosquitoes, strongly supporting its association with this parasite, and not in any of the other Plasmodium samples analyzed here nor Anopheles mosquitoes in the absence of Plasmodium. Notably, related bi-segmented narnavirus-like sequences (MaRNAV-2) were retrieved from Australian birds infected with a Leucocytozoon-a genus of eukaryotic parasites that group with Plasmodium in the Apicomplexa subclass hematozoa. Together, these data support the establishment of two new phylogenetically divergent and genomically distinct viral species associated with protists, including the first virus likely infecting Plasmodium parasites. As well as broadening our understanding of the diversity and evolutionary history of the eukaryotic virosphere, the restriction to P. vivax may be of importance in understanding P. vivax-specific biology in humans and mosquitoes, and how viral co-infection might alter host responses at each stage of the P. vivax life-cycle.

中文翻译：

与人类疟疾中的间质疟原虫和禽类疾病中的白细胞虫寄生虫有关的新型RNA病毒。

疟原虫属的真核生物引起疟疾，疟疾是一种寄生虫病，导致人类大量发病和死亡。然而，由这些不同的真核生物寄生虫携带的任何病毒的性质和丰富性尚不清楚。我们通过对从患有疟疾并感染间日疟原虫，恶性疟原虫或诺氏疟原虫的患者中采集的血液样本进行转录组分析来研究疟原虫的病毒。这导致鉴定出一种类似narnavirus的序列，该序列编码一种RNA聚合酶，并局限于间日疟原虫样品，以及相关的功能未知的病毒片段。通过PCR证实的这些数据表明一种新型RNA病毒，我们称其为Matryoshka RNA病毒1（MaRNAV-1），以反映其与“俄罗斯娃娃”的类比：一种感染寄生虫，感染动物的病毒。进一步的筛选显示，MaRNAV-1在人类和蚊子衍生的地域不同的间日疟原虫中含量丰富，有力地支持了其与该寄生虫的关联，并且在这里分析的任何其他疟原虫样品中，也没有在没有疟原虫的情况下，在按蚊中也没有。值得注意的是，相关双节段性纳那病毒样序列（MaRNAV-2）是从感染了白细胞细单胞菌属（真核寄生虫属）的澳大利亚鸟类中检索到的，该真核生物寄生于疟原虫亚种血细胞中，与疟原虫结合在一起。总之，这些数据支持建立与原生生物相关的两个新的系统发育差异和基因组不同的病毒物种，包括可能感染疟原虫寄生虫的第一种病毒。在拓宽我们对真核生物圈的多样性和进化史的理解的同时，

更新日期：2019-12-31

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