BACKGROUND Ticks are notorious blood-feeding arthropods that can spread a variety of deadly diseases. The salivary gland is an important organ for ticks to feed on blood, and this organ begins to develop rapidly when ixodid ticks suck blood. When these ticks reach a critical weight, the salivary glands stop developing and begin to degenerate. The expression levels of a large number of proteins during the development and degeneration of salivary glands change, which regulate the biological functions of the salivary glands. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, there are only a few reports on the role of molecular motor and TCA cycle-related proteins in the salivary glands of ticks. RESULTS We used iTRAQ quantitative proteomics to study the dynamic changes in salivary gland proteins in female Haemaphysalis longicornis at four feeding stages: unfed, partially fed, semi-engorged and engorged. Using bioinformatics methods to analyze the dynamic changes of a large number of proteins, we found that molecular motor and TCA cycle-related proteins play an important role in the physiological changes of the salivary glands. The results of RNAi experiments showed that when dynein, kinesin, isocitrate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase were knocked down independently, the weight of the engorged female ticks decreased by 63.5%, 54.9%, 42.6% and 48.6%, respectively, and oviposition amounts decreased by 83.1%, 76.0%, 50.8%, and 55.9%, respectively, and the size of type III acini of females salivary glands decreased by 35.6%, 33.3%, 28.9%, and 20.0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that the expression of different types of proteins change in different characteristics in salivary glands during the unfed to engorged process of female ticks. Corresponding expression changes of these proteins at different developmental stages of female ticks are very important to ensure the orderly development of the organ. By analyzing these changes, some proteins, such as molecular motor and TCA cycle-related proteins, were screened and RNAi carried out. When these mRNAs were knocked down, the female ticks cannot develop normally. The research results provide a new protein target for the control of ticks and tick-borne diseases.

中文翻译：

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发育中的成年雌性Haemaphysalis longicornis壁虱的唾液腺蛋白质组学分析：分子运动蛋白和TCA循环相关蛋白在整个发育过程中起着重要作用。

背景技术壁虱是臭名昭著的采血节肢动物，可以传播多种致命疾病。唾液腺是tick虫取食血液的重要器官，当ixodid tick虫吸血时，该器官开始迅速发育。当这些tick虫达到临界重量时，唾液腺停止发育并开始退化。唾液腺发育和退化期间大量蛋白质的表达水平发生变化，从而调节唾液腺的生物学功能。此外，据我们所知，关于tick的唾液腺中分子运动和TCA循环相关蛋白的作用的报道很少。结果我们使用iTRAQ定量蛋白质组学研究了雌性血红蛋白在四个喂养阶段唾液腺蛋白的动态变化：未进食，部分进食，半饱和饱食。使用生物信息学方法分析大量蛋白质的动态变化，我们发现分子运动蛋白和TCA循环相关蛋白在唾液腺的生理变化中起着重要作用。RNAi实验的结果表明，当单独敲除动力蛋白，驱动蛋白，异柠檬酸脱氢酶和柠檬酸合酶时，饱腹的雌性s的重量分别减少了63.5％，54.9％，42.6％和48.6％，产卵量减少了女性唾液腺III型痤疮的大小分别减少了83.1％，76.0％，50.8％和55.9％，分别减少了35.6％，33.3％，28.9％和20.0％。结论结果表明，在雌性s的未进食至饱胀过程中，唾液腺中不同类型蛋白质的表达具有不同的特征。这些蛋白在雌性tick的不同发育阶段的相应表达变化对于确保器官的有序发育非常重要。通过分析这些变化，筛选了一些蛋白质，例如分子运动蛋白和与TCA循环相关的蛋白质，并进行了RNAi分析。当这些mRNA被敲低时，雌性壁虱不能正常发育。该研究结果为控制tick和tick传播疾病提供了新的蛋白质靶标。这些蛋白在雌性tick的不同发育阶段的相应表达变化对于确保器官的有序发育非常重要。通过分析这些变化，筛选了一些蛋白质，例如分子运动蛋白和与TCA循环相关的蛋白质，并进行了RNAi分析。当这些mRNA被敲低时，雌性壁虱不能正常发育。该研究结果为控制tick和tick传播疾病提供了新的蛋白质靶标。这些蛋白在雌性tick的不同发育阶段的相应表达变化对于确保器官的有序发育非常重要。通过分析这些变化，筛选了一些蛋白质，例如分子运动蛋白和与TCA循环相关的蛋白质，并进行了RNAi分析。当这些mRNA被敲低时，雌性壁虱不能正常发育。该研究结果为控制tick和tick传播疾病提供了新的蛋白质靶标。