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Molecular surveillance of carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa at three medical centres in Cologne, Germany.
Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control ( IF 5.5 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-30 , DOI: 10.1186/s13756-019-0665-5
Elena Schäfer 1 , Monika Malecki 1 , Carlos J Tellez-Castillo 2 , Niels Pfennigwerth 3 , Lennart Marlinghaus 3 , Paul G Higgins 4 , Frauke Mattner 1 , Andreas F Wendel 1
Affiliation  

Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common pathogen causing hospital-acquired infections. Carbapenem resistance in P. aeruginosa is either mediated via a combination of efflux pumps, AmpC overexpression, and porin loss, or through an acquired carbapenemase. Carbapenemase-producing P. aeruginosa (CPPA) strains are known to cause outbreaks and harbour a reservoir of mobile antibiotic resistance genes, however, few molecular surveillance data is available. The aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence and epidemiology of CPPA in three German medical centres from 2015 to 2017. Methods Identification and susceptibility testing were performed with VITEK 2 system. P. aeruginosa non-susceptible to piperacillin, ceftazidime, cefepime, imipenem, meropenem and ciprofloxacin (4MRGN according to the German classification guideline) isolated from 2015 to 2017 were analysed. A two-step algorithm to detect carbapenemases was performed: phenotypic tests (EDTA- and cloxacillin-combined disk tests) followed by PCR, Sanger sequencing, and eventually whole genome sequencing. CPPA isolates were further genotyped by RAPD and PFGE. In-hospital transmission was investigated using conventional epidemiology. Results Sixty two P. aeruginosa isolates were available for further analysis, of which 21 were CPPA as follows: bla VIM-1 (n = 2), bla VIM-2 (n = 17), bla NDM-1/bla GES-5 (n = 1) and the newly described bla IMP-82 (n = 1). CPPA were mostly hospital-acquired (71.4%) and isolated on intensive care units (66.7%). All (except one) were from the tertiary care centre. PFGE typing revealed one large cluster of VIM-2-producing CPPA containing 13 isolates. However, using conventional epidemiology, we were only able to confirm three patient-to-patient transmissions, and one room-to-patient transmission, on several intensive care units. Conclusions These data give insight into the epidemiology of CPPA in three centres in Germany over a period of 3 years. Carbapenemases are a relevant resistance mechanism in 4MRGN-P. aeruginosa, illustrated by genetically related VIM-2-producing strains that seem to be endemic in this region. Our data suggest that infection control measures should especially focus on controlling transmission on the ICU and support the need for a local molecular surveillance system.

中文翻译:

在德国科隆的三个医疗中心对生产碳青霉烯酶的铜绿假单胞菌进行分子监测。

背景铜绿假单胞菌是引起医院获得性感染的常见病原体。铜绿假单胞菌对碳青霉烯类药物的耐药性是通过外排泵,AmpC过表达和孔蛋白损失的组合介导的,或者是通过获得性碳青霉烯酶来介导的。已知产生碳青霉烯酶的铜绿假单胞菌(CPPA)菌株会引起暴发并携带可移动的抗生素抗性基因,但是几乎没有分子监测数据。这项研究的目的是分析2015年至2017年在德国三个医疗中心中CPPA的流行和流行病学。方法采用VITEK 2系统进行鉴定和药敏试验。铜绿假单胞菌对哌拉西林,头孢他啶,头孢吡肟,亚胺培南不敏感,分析了2015年至2017年分离出的美罗培南和环丙沙星(根据德国分类指南为4MRGN)。进行了两步算法来检测碳青霉烯酶:表型测试(EDTA和氯西林组合磁盘测试),然后进行PCR,Sanger测序,最后进行全基因组测序。通过RAPD和PFGE对CPPA分离株进行进一步的基因分型。使用常规流行病学调查了院内传播情况。结果62株铜绿假单胞菌可用于进一步分析,其中21种为CPPA,分别为:bla VIM-1(n = 2),bla VIM-2(n = 17),bla NDM-1 / bla GES-5 (n = 1)和新描述的bla IMP-82(n = 1)。CPPA多数是医院获得的(占71.4%),而在重症监护病房则被隔离(占66.7%)。所有(一个除外)都来自三级护理中心。PFGE分型显示了一大簇VIM-2产生的CPPA,其中包含13个分离株。但是,使用传统的流行病学,我们只能在几个重症监护病房中确认三种患者之间的传播,以及一种房间间的传播。结论这些数据使我们在3年的时间内深入了解了德国三个中心的CPPA流行病学。碳青霉烯酶是4MRGN-P中一个相关的耐药机制。铜绿假单胞菌,通过在该区域似乎是地方性流行的与遗传相关的产生VIM-2的菌株进行了说明。我们的数据表明,感染控制措施应特别着重于控制ICU上的传播,并支持对本地分子监测系统的需求。我们只能在几个重症监护病房中确认三种患者之间的传播,以及一种房间间的传播。结论这些数据使我们在3年的时间内深入了解了德国三个中心的CPPA流行病学。碳青霉烯酶是4MRGN-P中一个相关的耐药机制。铜绿假单胞菌,表现为该区域似乎是地方性的与遗传相关的产生VIM-2的菌株。我们的数据表明,感染控制措施应特别着重于控制ICU上的传播,并支持对本地分子监测系统的需求。我们只能在几个重症监护病房中确认三种患者之间的传播,以及一种房间间的传播。结论这些数据使我们在3年的时间内深入了解了德国三个中心的CPPA流行病学。碳青霉烯酶是4MRGN-P中一个相关的耐药机制。铜绿假单胞菌,通过在该区域似乎是地方性流行的与遗传相关的产生VIM-2的菌株进行了说明。我们的数据表明,感染控制措施应特别着重于控制ICU上的传播,并支持当地分子监测系统的需求。碳青霉烯酶是4MRGN-P中一个相关的耐药机制。铜绿假单胞菌,通过在该区域似乎是地方性流行的与遗传相关的产生VIM-2的菌株进行了说明。我们的数据表明,感染控制措施应特别着重于控制ICU上的传播,并支持当地分子监测系统的需求。碳青霉烯酶是4MRGN-P中一个相关的耐药机制。铜绿假单胞菌,表现为该区域似乎是地方性的与遗传相关的产生VIM-2的菌株。我们的数据表明,感染控制措施应特别着重于控制ICU上的传播,并支持当地分子监测系统的需求。
更新日期:2019-12-31
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