BACKGROUND Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been recently approved by FDA for the treatment of refractory recurrent clostridial colitis (rCDI). Success of FTM in treatment of rCDI led to a number of studies investigating the effectiveness of its application in the other gastrointestinal diseases. However, in the majority of studies the effects of FMT were evaluated on the patients with initially altered microbiota. The aim of our study was to estimate effects of FMT on the gut microbiota composition in healthy volunteers and to monitor its long-term outcomes. RESULTS We have performed a combined analysis of three healthy volunteers before and after capsule FMT by evaluating their general condition, adverse clinical effects, changes of basic laboratory parameters, and several immune markers. Intestinal microbiota samples were evaluated by 16S rRNA gene and shotgun sequencing. The data analysis demonstrated profound shift towards the donor microbiota taxonomic composition in all volunteers. Following FMT, all the volunteers exhibited gut colonization with donor gut bacteria and persistence of this effect for almost ∼1 year of observation. Transient changes of immune parameters were consistent with suppression of T-cell cytotoxicity. FMT was well tolerated with mild gastrointestinal adverse events, however, one volunteer developed a systemic inflammatory response syndrome. CONCLUSIONS The FMT leads to significant long-term changes of the gut microbiota in healthy volunteers with the shift towards donor microbiota composition and represents a relatively safe procedure to the recipients without long-term adverse events.

中文翻译：

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粪便移植对健康志愿者的长期影响。

背景粪便微生物移植（FMT）最近已被 FDA 批准用于治疗难治性复发性梭菌结肠炎（rCDI）。FTM 在治疗 rCDI 方面的成功引发了许多研究，调查其在其他胃肠道疾病中应用的有效性。然而，在大多数研究中，FMT 的效果是针对微生物群最初发生改变的患者进行评估的。我们研究的目的是评估 FMT 对健康志愿者肠道微生物群组成的影响并监测其长期结果。结果我们对三名健康志愿者在胶囊FMT前后进行了综合分析，评估了他们的一般状况、不良临床反应、基本实验室参数的变化和几种免疫标志物。通过 16S rRNA 基因和鸟枪法测序评估肠道微生物群样本。数据分析表明，所有志愿者的供体微生物群分类组成发生了深刻的转变。FMT 后，所有志愿者都表现出供体肠道细菌在肠道定植，并且这种效应在近一年的观察中持续存在。免疫参数的瞬时变化与 T 细胞毒性的抑制一致。FMT 的耐受性良好，有轻微的胃肠道不良事件，然而，一名志愿者出现了全身炎症反应综合征。结论 随着供者微生物群组成的转变，FMT 导致健康志愿者肠道微生物群发生显着的长期变化，并且对受者来说是一种相对安全的程序，不会出现长期不良事件。