Dynamic Biogeochemistry of the Particulate Sulfur Pool in a Buoyant Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Plume,ACS Earth and Space Chemistry

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Dynamic Biogeochemistry of the Particulate Sulfur Pool in a Buoyant Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Plume
ACS Earth and Space Chemistry ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-13 , DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.9b00214
Brandi R. Cron ₁ , Cody S. Sheik ₂ , Fotios-Christos A. Kafantaris ₃ , Gregory K. Druschel ₃ , Jeffrey S. Seewald ₄ , Christopher R. German ₅ , Gregory J. Dick ₆ , John A. Breier ₇ , Brandy M. Toner _{1,

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Affiliation

In deep-ocean hydrothermal vent systems, oxidation–reduction (redox) reactions involving sulfur are known to fuel primary production via chemosynthesis. The particulate sulfur pool within buoyant hydrothermal plumes available to microorganisms as metabolic substrates remains undescribed. In this study, buoyant hydrothermal plume particles were collected from the Von Damm Vent Field, Mid-Cayman Rise, Caribbean. A novel in situ filtration system and remotely operated vehicle were used to collect samples along vertical profiles above two sites close to the summit of Mount Dent. Particulate sulfur speciation was measured using sulfur 1s X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. The activity of sulfur-cycling genes in the buoyant plume was measured using metatranscriptomic sequencing. Our results indicate that both solid-state sulfur chemistry and microbial activity within the Von Damm buoyant plume are dynamic and diverse over short temporal and spatial scales. The particulate sulfur species and sulfur-cycling microbial communities generated in the buoyant plume are inputs to the neutrally buoyant plume and thus have potential for distant transport in the deep ocean. The buoyant plume particulate sulfur species include metal sulfides, thiol and organic monosulfide, thiophene, sulfone, sulfonate, ester sulfate, and sulfate. The microbial community carries a suite of active sulfur-cycling proteins (dsrAB, the sox enzyme complex, sqr, psr, dprAB, and SAT). Should these materials be exported to the neutrally buoyant plume, they will have implications for deep-ocean biogeochemistry through sustained biomass production based on sulfur oxidation and reduction.

中文翻译：

浮力深海热液羽流中颗粒硫矿池的动态生物地球化学

在深海热液喷口系统中，已知涉及硫的氧化还原（redox）反应可通过化学合成促进初级生产。浮力热液羽流中的微粒硫磺池仍可被微生物用作代谢底物，目前尚无描述。在这项研究中，从加勒比海中开曼群岛隆达姆·冯·达姆特通风田收集了漂浮的热液羽状颗粒。一种新颖的原位过滤系统和遥控车辆被用来沿垂直剖面收集样品，这些样品位于登特山顶附近的两个地点上方。使用硫1s X射线吸收近边缘结构（XANES）光谱仪测量颗粒硫的形态。使用超转录组测序来测量浮羽中硫循环基因的活性。我们的结果表明，冯达姆浮羽中的固态硫化学和微生物活性在短时空范围内都是动态变化的。浮羽中产生的颗粒状硫物种和硫循环微生物群落是中性浮羽的输入，因此具有在深海远距离运输的潜力。浮羽羽状颗粒硫物质包括金属硫化物，硫醇和有机一硫化物，噻吩，砜，磺酸盐，硫酸酯和硫酸盐。微生物群落携带一整套活性硫循环蛋白（浮羽中产生的颗粒状硫物种和硫循环微生物群落是中性浮羽的输入，因此具有在深海远距离运输的潜力。浮羽羽状颗粒硫物质包括金属硫化物，硫醇和有机一硫化物，噻吩，砜，磺酸盐，硫酸酯和硫酸盐。微生物群落携带一整套活性硫循环蛋白（浮羽中产生的颗粒状硫物种和硫循环微生物群落是中性浮羽的输入，因此具有在深海远距离运输的潜力。浮羽羽状颗粒硫物质包括金属硫化物，硫醇和有机一硫化物，噻吩，砜，磺酸盐，硫酸酯和硫酸盐。微生物群落携带一整套活性硫循环蛋白（dsrAB，所述SO X酶复合物，SQR，PSR，dprAB，和SAT）。如果将这些材料出口到中性浮力烟羽，它们将通过基于硫的氧化和还原的持续生物量生产而对深海生物地球化学产生影响。

更新日期：2020-01-14

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