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A novel mixed living high training low intervention and the hematological module of the athlete biological passport.
Drug Testing and Analysis ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-30 , DOI: 10.1002/dta.2723
Sven Christian Voss 1 , Khalifa Al-Hamad 1 , Waseem Samsam 1 , Anissa Cherif 1 , Costas Georgakopoulos 1 , Mohammed Al Maadheed 1 , George Balanos 2 , Sam Lucas 2 , Pierre-Edouard Sottas 3 , Mathew Wilson 4 , Nathan Townsend 4
Affiliation  

Exposure to either natural or simulated hypoxia induces hematological adaptations that may affect the parameters of the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP). The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of a novel, mixed hypoxic dose protocol on the likelihood of producing an atypical ABP finding. Ten well‐trained middle‐distance runners participated in a “live high, train low and high” (LHTLH) altitude training camp for 14 days. The participants spent ˜6 hr.d‐1 at 3000–5400 m during waking hours and ˜10 h.d‐1 overnight at 2400–3000 m simulated altitude. Venous blood samples were collected before (B0), and after 1 (D1), 4 (D4), 7 (D7), and 14 (D14) days of hypoxic exposure, and again 14 days post exposure (P14). Samples were analyzed for key parameters of the ABP including reticulocyte percentage (Ret%), hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]), and the OFF‐score. The ABP adaptive model was administered at a specificity of 99% to test for atypical findings. We found significant changes in [Hb] and Ret% during the hypoxic intervention. Consequently, this led to ABP threshold deviations at 99% specificity in three participants. Only one of these was flagged as an “atypical passport finding” (ATPF) due to deviation of the OFF‐score. When this sample was evaluated by ABP experts it was considered “normal”. In conclusion, it is highly unlikely that the present hypoxic exposure protocol would have led to a citation for a doping violation according to WADA guidelines.

中文翻译:

一种新颖的混合生活高训练低干预和运动员生物护照的血液学模块。

暴露于自然或模拟的缺氧会引起血液学适应,这可能会影响运动员生物护照(ABP)的参数。本研究的目的是研究新型混合低氧剂量方案对产生非典型ABP发现的可能性的影响。十名训练有素的中长跑运动员参加了“高住低下训练”(LHTLH)高原训练营,历时14天。参与者在清醒时间在3000-5400 m处度过〜6 hr.d-1,在模拟海拔2400–3000 m上度过过夜的〜10 hd-1。在缺氧暴露之前(B0),1(D1),4(D4),7(D7)和14(D14)天,以及暴露后14天(P14)之后,收集静脉血样。分析了样品的ABP关键参数,包括网织红细胞百分比(Ret%),血红蛋白浓度([Hb]),和OFF分数。以99%的特异性给予ABP适应性模型以测试非典型发现。我们发现低氧干预期间[Hb]和Ret%的显着变化。因此,这导致三名参与者的ABP阈值偏差达到99%的特异性。由于离场分数的偏差,其中只有一个被标记为“非典型护照发现”(ATPF)。当ABP专家对该样品进行评估时,它被认为是“正常”的。总而言之,根据WADA指南,当前的低氧暴露方案极不可能导致对掺杂违规的引用。这导致三位参与者的ABP阈值偏差达到99%的特异性。由于离场分数的偏差,其中只有一个被标记为“非典型护照发现”(ATPF)。当ABP专家对该样品进行评估时,它被认为是“正常”的。总而言之,根据WADA指南,当前的低氧暴露方案极不可能导致对掺杂违规的引用。这导致三名参与者的ABP阈值偏差达到99%的特异性。由于离场分数的偏差,其中只有一个被标记为“非典型护照发现”(ATPF)。当ABP专家对该样品进行评估时,它被认为是“正常”的。总而言之,根据WADA指南,当前的低氧暴露方案极不可能导致对掺杂违规的引用。
更新日期:2019-12-30
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