The auditory system allows us to monitor background environmental sound patterns and recognize deviations that may indicate opportunities or threats. The mismatch negativity and P3a potentials have generators in the auditory and inferior frontal cortex and index expected sound patterns (standards) and any aberrations (deviants). The mismatch negativity and P3a waveforms show increased positivity for consecutive standards and deviants preceded by more standards. We hypothesized attenuated repetition effects in older participants, potentially because of differences in prefrontal functions. Young (23 ± 5 years) and older (75 ± 5 years) adults were tested in 2 oddball paradigms with pitch or location deviants. Significant repetition effects were observed in the young standard and deviant waveforms at multiple time windows. Except the earliest time window (30-100 ms), repetition effects were absent in the older group. Repetition effects were significant at frontal but not temporal lobe sites and did not differ among pitch and location deviants. However, P3a repetition was evident in both ages. Findings suggest age differences in the dynamic updating of sensory memory for background sound patterns.

中文翻译：

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老化大脑中听觉感觉记忆动力学的神经相关性

听觉系统使我们能够监控背景环境声音模式并识别可能表明机会或威胁的偏差。失配负性和 P3a 电位在听觉和下额叶皮层和索引预期声音模式（标准）和任何畸变（偏差）中具有发生器。失配阴性和 P3a 波形显示连续标准和更多标准之前的偏差增加的阳性。我们假设老年参与者的重复效应减弱，可能是因为前额叶功能的差异。年轻（23 ± 5 岁）和年长（75 ± 5 岁）的成年人在 2 个古怪的范式中进行了测试，其中包含倾斜或位置异常。在多个时间窗口的年轻标准和异常波形中观察到显着的重复效应。除了最早的时间窗口（30-100 毫秒），老年组没有重复效应。重复效应在额叶而非颞叶部位显着，并且在音高和位置偏差之间没有差异。然而，P3a 重复在两个年龄段都很明显。研究结果表明，背景声音模式的感官记忆动态更新存在年龄差异。